VETSON Ne 


The PREPARATION of 
MISSIONARIES APPOINTED 
TO CHINA 


BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION 
25 Madison Avenue, New York 


PRICE 10 CENTS 





BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION 


The Rev. James L. Barton, D.D. 
Prof. Harlan P. Beach, D.D. 
David Bovaird, Jr., M.D. 

Prof. O. E. Brown, D.D. 

Prof. Ernest DeWitt Burton, D.D. 
Miss Helen B. Calder 

Prof. Edward W. Capen, Ph.D. 
Prof. W. O. Carver, D.D. 


The Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain, Ph.D. 


The Rev. George Drach 

The Rev. James Endicott, D.D. 

The Rev. F. P. Haggard, D.D. 

Pres. Henry C. King, D.D. 

Prof. Walter L. Lingle, D.D. 

The Rt. Rev. Arthur S. Lloyd, D.D. 
The Rev. R. P. Mackay, D.D. 

Pres. W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D. 


John R. Mott, LL.D. 

Bishop W. F. Oldham, D.D. 
Principal T. R. O’Meara, D.D. 
Pres. C. T. Paul, Ph.D. 

Prof. Henry B. Robins, Ph.D. 
Prof. G. A. Johnston Ross, M.A. 
Dean James E. Russell, LL.D. 

T. H. P. Sailer, Ph.D. 

Miss Una Saunders 

Prof. E. D. Soper, D.D. 

Robert E. Speer, D.D. 

Pres. J. Ross Stevenson, D.D. , 
Fennell P. Turner i. 
Pres. Addie Grace Wardle, Ph.D. 
The Rev. Charles R. Watson, D.D. 
Pres. Wilbert W. White, Ph.D. 
Pres. Mary E. Woolley, Litt.D. 


W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Chairman 
FENNELL P. TURNER, Secretary 
WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Treasurer 


REV. FRANK K. SANDERS, Ph.D., Director 
4 25 Madison Avenue, New York 


THE PREPARATION OF MISSIONARIES 
APPOINTED TO CHINA 


THE REPORT OF A COMMITTEE APPOINTED BY 
THE BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION 


Proressor HartAn P. Beacu, D.D., F.R.G.S., Chairman 
ProFressor Ernest D. Burton, D.D. 

ProFessor O. E. Brown, D.D. 

REVEREND JAMES Enpicortt, D.D. 

Joun R. Mort, LL.D. 

REVEREND FRANK Mason Nort, D.D. 

REVEREND Canon T. R. O’MeEara, LL.D. 

PresIpENT C. T. Paut, Ph.D. 

PRESIDENT WILBERT W. Wuite, Ph.D. 


PRESENTED AT THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING 
IN NEW YORK, DECEMBER, 1914 


Board of Missionary Preparation 
25 Madison Ave., New York City 









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REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE SPECIAL 
PREPARATION NEEDED FOR MISSIONARIES | 
APPOINTED TO CHINA 


The following report was prepared by a committee of the Board of 
Missionary Preparation of which Reverend Professor Harlan P. Beach, 
D.D. of the Yale School of Religion, was the chairman. After its pres- 
entation to the Board by the committee the report was carefully 
reviewed by a large number of specialists on matters relating to China, 
of mission administrators, and of experienced missionaries at home and 
on the field. Their valued suggestions have been embodied in the report 
as now issued, which seeks to represent the experience and research of 
the present day. 


At the outset it should be stated that the Committee as- 
sumes that no candidate will be able to perfect himself in 
all the studies and practical processes here mentioned. Nor 
are all of them desirable for every prospective missionary to 
China. The Committee recommends them as generally use- 
ful, with the proviso that the needs and aptitudes of each 
candidate or missionary should be considered in the light of 
probable future tasks, and in full consultation with those 
who are in a position to advise him or to co-operate with him 
in making his preparation effective. It is further premised 
that the fuller one’s general preparation is, the more reward- 
ing will be one’s later life investment. The broad general 
foundations of the North American college or university 
curriculum are desirable for most candidates. So, also, is 
experience in teaching or evangelistic work. 

Candidates are reminded that a special series of reports 
upon the preparation demanded for ordained men, educa- 
tionalists, medical missionaries and for women has been pub- 
lished by the Board of Missionary Preparation as its Third 
Report. It can be secured at the Board’s office in New York. 
Women candidates are especially recommended to read pages 
106-129 of that publication, as it is assumed in this report 
that they will have read it and hence many things are left un- 


3 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


said. They are also reminded that only slight reference is 
made to them, since their preparation is not greatly different 
from that required for men, All candidates may find it ad- 
vantageous to read the article entitled, “The Preparation of 
Missionaries at Home and on the Mission Field,” found in 
the October, 1913, issue of The International Review of M1s- 
sions. Earlier and most helpful general statements upon 
the subject are fully set forth in Vol. V of the Report of the 
World Missionary Conference of 1910. 


A. QUALIFICATIONS FOR MISSIONARIES TO CHINA 


While primitive peoples demand missionaries of special 
strength, since they must be competent to raise tribes from 
savagery to the status of the more advanced races, even more 
desirable is it that candidates for China should be able to min- 
ister to an ancient people rapidly assimilating the full-fledged 
program of Occidental culture and religion. 

The qualifications desirable in candidates for Chinese serv- 
ice will be manifest in what is said of the preparation recom- 
mended for prospective missionaries to China. For the sake 
of clearness they are more explicitly stated here. 


1. Physical Qualifications.—China is a comparatively 
favorable field from the point of view of health. A person 
from North America will not find the climate much more 
taxing than in certain parts of Canada and the United 
States. Yet there is a difference between the biting cold of 
Manchuria and the depressing heat of summer in the sub- 
tropical provinces of the southern half of the Republic. 
Moreover, the location of the majority of mission stations 
within unsanitary cities makes the conditions more trying 
than if missionaries were living outside the city walls. In 
this respect, however, there is noticeable improvement in 
the newer stations. 

The diseases of China are not such as especially afflict for- 
eigners—cholera, small pox, etc. Yet intelligent vigilance 


4 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


is most desirable for the missionary. Weak digestion 
and tendency to bowel troubles would militate against one 
attacked by sprue or dysentery. Tubercular complaints are 
so common among the Chinese that persons having such ten- 
dencies would need to exercise especial caution. There is no 
greater strain upon the nerves in China than in any other 
rapidly developing non-Christian country, with its incessant 
and taxing demands upon the worker. Yet the continuous 
dryness of North China is unfavorable for nervous people; 
and, in general, persons who have been on the verge of a 
nervous breakdown should not be sent to China. 


The physical ability to labor continuously and to stand the 
strain of emergencies demanding mental and nervous ex- 
penditure is a great asset. Those who do not possess it will 
need to educate their conscience and will to the point of 
withdrawing wholly from certain activities, or of stopping 
work before the strain is too great, to renew it when suffi- 
ciently rested. 


2. Mental Fitness.—At present the average missionary to 
China does not need to have as acute powers of argumenta- 
tion as he would for work among the higher classes of India. 
Those who have done creditably the work of North Ameri- 
can colleges and graduate schools are intellectually qualified 
for almost any task in China. Mental adaptation should be 
possible, particularly for work among ignorant people, and 
especially for the women. Linguistic ability is an obvious 
desideratum. The work of the educator and literary mis- 
sionary demands an unusual mental equipment and adequate 
training, while an increasing number of special tasks call 
for an intellectual preparation far beyond the ordinary. 


3. Social Qualities ——These are particularly desirable for 
those who wish to influence the educated classes and, to a 
less degree, all classes in society. The “guest room” will 
increase in importance with the coming years, even if it is 
losing the old-time air of taxing etiquette and formality. 


5 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Politeness and scrupulous regard for the sensibilities of 
others are requisites here and, likewise, a broad-minded 
charity for the opinions and beliefs of others. Conversa- 
tional powers are also desirable, but here again they need 
not be hampered by the old traditional, ready-made formu- 
las, these having largely given way among the educated to 
a desire to talk of matters of vital interest to the new na- 
tional life and aspirations. In a word, China missionaries 
must be gentlemen and gentlewomen of good parts and social 
qualities and of limitless ceremonial patience. 


4. Political Interest—Men who have no interest in the 
political status of China will not prove acceptable among in- 
fluential Chinese. One must be alive to the eager life of 
the new Republic, and be prepared to contribute his views in 
an unpartisan and sympathetic manner to the formative 
movements of the day. Yet the missionary should be neu- 
tral as regards parties and emphasize political measures 
tending to the people’s economic, social, intellectual and 
moral betterment. 


5. Spiritual Qualifications —The merely moral man is not 
needed in China, as no country has more resounded with 
moral sentiments and proverbs,—as impotent to affect life 
as they are prevalent in Confucian circles. Vital religion is 
correspondingly and imperatively demanded and should be 
the certain possession of every missionary. A living, exper- 
imental knowledge of the great Christian essentials is indis- 
pensable. Devotion to Jesus Christ as the source of life 
and faith is a primary qualification; for the Chinese have 
for nearly two and a half milleniums bowed before the 
throne of an idealized Confucius. Disinterested goodness 
and Christian brotherhood will always help to carry convic- 
tion and will win lasting friendships. 


6. Ecclesiastical Requirements——The rising Church in 
China demands missionaries who are more loyal to the King- 
dom of God than to any single denomination, although this 


6 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


demand need not obliterate proper denominational distinc- 
tions. Federation is in the air and co-operation is increasing 
every year. Candidates who are out of harmony with this 
spirit would better go to another field or remain at home. 
Even more important is it for missionaries to be humble, 
not lording it over God’s heritage, but willing to decrease 
that the Chinese leadership, when sufficiently competent, may 
increase. Ability to work cordially with those differing from 
us both denominationally and racially is an essential of suc- 
cessful churchmanship in the new China. 

7. Versatility and Symmetry.—The foregoing are the 
outstanding qualifications of men and women who should be 
also characterized by versatility and symmetry. China’s 
renaissance calls for every sort of healthful contribution to 
an expanding national life. The more diversified the gifts 
and acquisitions and the character of the missionaries, the 
greater will be their influence upon the future of a people 
destined to stand foremost among the races of Asia. The 
making of a nation, the foundation laying of the Church of 
God in rejuvenescent China and its subsequent development 
should stir every ambition of the missionary candidates and 
lead every one of them to give the strength of his life to 
preparing worthily for so glorious a service. 


B. Courses oF STUDY FOR CANDIDATES FOR MISSION 
SERVICE IN CHINA 


I. STUDIES TO BE EMPHASIZED IN UNDERGRADUATE INSTI- 
TUTIONS. In specifying certain undergraduate courses it 
must not be understood that other studies are to be neglected; 
these are listed as being particularly worthy of attention be- 
cause having a more intimate relation to the practical work 
of missionaries to China than other more general courses. 
In some institutions the studies here suggested for under- 
graduates are not provided in the curriculum. In such cases, 
any that seem especially desirable may be taken as graduate 


, 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


work at the seminary or at a training institution. In the 
following list of studies, those which are more important than 
the others are italicized: Bible courses, ethics, anthropo-— 
geography, ethnography, Oriental history, history of 
civilization or other historical courses suggesting lessons for 
China’s renaissance, sociology, politics and government, in- 
ternational relations, psychology, the principles and history 
of education, philosophy, economics, music for women can- 


didates especially and domestic science, and debate for the 
men. 


II. STuDIES OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY WORTHY OF 
SPECIAL Empuasis. It is desirable that all men candidates 
for China, except physicians, business agents, printers, arch- 
itects, builders, and those who expect to devote themsélves 
exclusively to educational work, should take a full theologi- 
cal course. If anything is to be omitted, Hebrew and Greek 
can most wisely be dispensed with, in case the latter language 
has not been fully mastered in preparatory school and col- 
lege. Here again the subjects most desirable as related to 
the practical work of the missionary are italicized, though 
all of the courses are important, as well as others not in this 
list: Old and New Testament introduction, interpretation of 
the books of the Bible and mastery of their contents, bibli- 
cal theology, comparative religion or history of religion, 
early church history, church polity, religious education, prac- 
tical theology, especially in its discussion of methods of so- 
cial work, general apologetics and voice training, particu- 
larly for those who expect to be evangelists or itinerate in 
country districts. It should go without saying that the best 
methods of pastoral approach and of personal dealing with 
the individual soul are of primary importance to the mis- 
sionary. 


III. Strupres Havinc SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHINA AND 
Its MISSIONS 
The following studies are not usually provided for in 


8 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


undergraduate or theological institutions, but must be under- 
taken in institutions of special missionary training, or in the 
missionary department of theological seminaries. Other- 
wise candidates for China will need to follow such courses of 
reading as are suggested under Division E. As the latter 
plan will be adopted by many, brief remarks pointing out the 
relation of readings suggested to the work in China will be 
added. 


1. Physical Studies of China.—The candidate should 
know with some particularity the main divisions of the coun- 
try, not only as provincially divided but more particularly as 
to its orographical divisions and differentiated regional areas. 
Emphasis should of course be placed in this and the follow- 
ing physical studies upon the region and province or pro- 
vinces in which his own Society labors. 

Climatic and the consequent health conditions in various 
parts of the Republic should receive some attention, especial- 
ly when a Society has missions in more than one section be- 
tween which the candidates may choose. Rainfall and tropi- 
cal heat in the South might make a field unsuitable when the 
more favorable climatic and health conditions of the North 
would be quite safe. 

A knowledge of the resources of different sections is ad- 
visable as a subordinate object of study, since these condi- 
tions will increasingly affect the character and life of the in- 
habitants as China develops industrially. These in turn 
have an influence upon the work to be done and hence upon 
the sort of preparation one may make. 

2. Studies of the People-——Obviously an Occidental 
whose life, thought and ideals differ so widely from those of 
the Orient, should make every effort to understand the Chi- 
nese people. The means for making this preliminary ac- 
quaintance are ordinarily more accessible here than in China. 
Yet China’s Committee on the Training of Missionaries 
wisely warns against the danger of becoming opinionated 


9 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


through home studies of the people, and urges the necessity 
of going thither prepared for something new which should 
be received in an open-minded way. 

The physical life of the Chinese which has been so virile, 
enduring and effective through milleniums that the race 
ranks among the strongest in the world should be inquired 
into. The secrets of this vitality, its foes in the past and in 
the new life and environment of the encroaching Occident, 
its relation to the dawning industrial era, its promise to the 
developing Christian Church, are phases worthy of attention. 
Medical missionaries will naturally make this a subject of 
special study and advanced investigation. 


The mental characteristics of the race are almost equally 
marked, despite the partially arrested development of the 
educational system of the old régime. The intellectual de- 
mands of the new order and young China’s response to the 
educational stimulus of the West are interesting points of 
study, but they should not prevent investigations into the 
mental characteristics of the unemergent nine-tenths who 
constitute the missionary’s main constituency outside of the 
schools. Mental attitudes are quite as important as mental 
faculties and should not be overlooked in this study. Edu- 
cationalists and evangelists will specialize upon this head, 
just as physicians should under the preceding one. 


Moral characteristics should be especially studied, the 
more so because of the prevalent conceptions which rank the 
Chinese as among the most nearly atheistical of the nations. 
Under paragraphs 6 and 7 of this section more will be said 
upon this point. What is called for here is a general con- 
sideration of the race as possessing in somewhat limited de- 
gree the varied moral characteristics of the Christian Occi- 
dent. Note, also, those in which the race is particularly 
strong. 

3. Social Environment.—The social characteristics of the 
Chinese have been omitted from the preceding paragraph be- 


10 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


cause deserving of greater emphasis and separate treatment. 
Moreover, it is not so much the social traits of the race as the 
environment created and dominated by these traits which 
should be studied. 

The family as the great social unit should be thoroughly 
understood as far as it is possible through secondary sources. 
Its primary membership and secondary ramifications, its re- 
lationships, its weaknesses, its place in the community, its 
relation to the clan, especially in South China, call for in- 
vestigation. The fundamental place of ancestral worship in 
the family may be studied to better advantage under para- 
graph 7. 

The village system of China is second only to that of India 
in its importance to missions. Its constitution, common life, 
dominant characters, inter-village relationships, social func- 
tions and occasions, attitude toward innovations in belief and 
life, are topics to be studied. 

Industrial and social groups have been too little under- 
stood in the past, and too little used for Christian ends. 
While the new industrialism and the effect upon the old guild 
system of the commerce and trade of to-day have changed the 
situation, the past history of industry and the influence of 
the important guilds should be understood in a general way, 
leaving to a later time specialized studies in this direction. 


4. Educational Status —Especially for educationalists, but 
likewise for all missionaries who must sustain a more or less 
intimate relationship to the education of the Chinese for the 
Church and the State, is a general study of the present edu- 
cational conditions in China and in Japan important. The 
former are changing so constantly that this may not be easy. 
The background of the old education is helpful in dealing 
with the men of the old order, but it is far more essential that 
modern educational plans and methods should be known. 

Religious education should be understood in outline at 
least, and if possible through a course of special study, as the 


11 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Chinese Church under the present emphasis of Sunday 
schools and adult Bible classes of the modern Occidental type 
calls for leadership that is practically conversant with the 
best Western methods. As the Government will increasingly 
undertake the burdens of primary education, the Church will 
be correspondingly free to emphasize the religious education 
of its children and youth. 


At present China’s greatest need educationally is for pri- 
mary, secondary and higher institutions. The time is past 
when any college graduate is perfectly competent to teach in 
Chinese higher schools and colleges. Every man or woman 
who is to make this a specialized form of service should be a 
master of the art of teaching both through a study of theories 
and if possible through actual experience in teaching. It will 
further increase the educator’s usefulness, if he is a special- 
ist in some one important subject. 


5. Political Conditions.—These are constantly changing 
and hence are most difficult to study. Nevertheless, the 
new missionary should know the main factors as nearly up to 
the date of sailing as possible. The China Committee on the 
Training of Missionaries recommends candidates to make 
The Chinese Recorder their source of information on the 
missionary aspects of politics and The National Review of 
Shanghai for purely political conditions. 

Village government will have been studied under para- 
graph 3. Provincial and national government and politics 
should be known in outline as they exist to-day. Ascertain 


something of the influence of officials and official life as re- 
lated to the missionary propaganda. China’s latest constitu- 


tion should be read at least and compared with that of the 
United States, in order to prepare missionaries for taking 
part in inevitable conversations on this subject. 

It is likewise important that the candidate should know 
the relation of his own government to that of China, an out- 
line of their diplomatic relations and of his own political 


12 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


status under treaties and as an alien resident in the new Re- 
public. America’s exclusion laws and reasons for exclusion 
should be known. A general knowledge of international law 
during the next fifteen years will be greatly helpful for per- 
sonal and missionary uses. 

The history of China’s relations to European Powers and 
to Japan should be understood, at least since 1898—and par- 
ticularly the bearing of this history on missions. Russia, 
Germany, Great Britain, and Japan are the important factors 
under this head, with the United States as a mediator. 


6. Ethical Beliefs and Life-——The new missionary needs 
to realize in his study of Confucian ethics that the lofty 
ideals of the Superior Man and noble sentiments of China’s 
Throneless King are far from holding a dominant place in 
the daily life of the people. But familiarity with these ideals 
is essential to a proper appreciation of the Chinese race and 
will often furnish a point of contact with the people. 

Buddhist and Taoist tenets will be referred to under the 
next heading. A study of the ethical life of individuals and 
of the community on certain fundamental questions is well 
worth while in so far as data may be available. It will also 
be of interest to note what methods are being used to-day to 
revive and extend the ethical teachings of Confucius and to 
learn just how the new ethical thought of the Occident, 
especially on its agnostic and rationalistic side, is affecting 
China’s ethical life. 

7. Religious Beliefs and Life-——Even more feeble than 
ethics is the religious power of China’s three orthodox faiths, 
if we may venture to rank Buddhism and Taoism with the 
one truly orthodox faith, Confucianism. It is probable 
that under the new régime there will be a renewal of interest 
in all these religions. Indeed, the rejuvenation of the winter 
solstitial sacrifice under the Republic is an official step in 
that direction, while consequent discussion of the movement 
has shown that the lesser faiths have been likewise stirred 


13 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


into new life. It follows that missionary candidates should 
study the ancient pre-Confucian religion and should know the 
outlines not only of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, 
but should study as well the actual effects of these religions 
upon the common people. The worship of ancestral spirits 
is so central in Chinese life that its study should be empha- 
sized. Chinese Mohammedanism is likewise deserving of 
study, especially by those in the northwestern, southern and 
southwestern provinces who are to labor for Moslems. 

As missionary experience, especially in the provinces of 
Fukien and Shantung, clearly proves, it is also a subject 
worthy of study in certain fields as to how far the minor 
sects, the Tsai Li, Kin Tan, and others can be used for Chris- 
tian ends. American university libraries are likely to have: 
as much material upon these sects as can be found in China. 
Yet this theme is one which need not receive attention unless 
the candidate is going to a field where they are influential, 
such as the provinces mentioned above. 

A parallel study, when it is possible, is that of the extent to 
which the educated younger Chinese are being affected by the 
introduction of Western forms of irreligion and agnosticism. 
It is unfortunate that little has been written upon this impor- 
tant theme, which would enable prospective missionaries to 
prepare themselves apologetically for future interviews. 


8. History of China.—No nation has so prolonged and un- 
broken a history as China, or one which has been so ingrained 
into the national and individual life. The nation and its 
people cannot be fully understood and appreciated unless one 
has an outline knowledge of at least its leading epochs and 
events. 

Its origins, even though they are wrapped in obscurity with 
only dubious historical foundations, should be known from 
the mythological period down through the epoch-making 
Chou Dynasty, as Confucius made these centuries the back- 
ground of his teachings. 


14 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


From the Great Wall Builder downward is a monotonous 
succession of rising and decadent dynasties whose outstand- 
ing events only are worthy of the candidate’s attention—the 
stirring history of the Three Kingdoms, the glories of the 
literary and philosophical T‘ang and Sung Dynasties, the 
astonishing rise and westward and southward conquests of 
the Mongols and Moguls, the splendors of K‘ang Hsi’s reign 
and the momentous events of the last century, especially the 
T‘ai P‘ing Rebellion and foreign relations since 1841. 


History in the making as chronicled since the Chino-Jap- 
anese war of 1894 is more important in a way than all else, 
and should be made a major in this study. No text-book of 
history will supply the desired information except for the 
earlier years. The latest cablegrams and periodicals fresh 
from China should be carefully read for the latest turn of 
the historical kaleidoscope, though cablegrams do not always 
prove truthful. 

Prospective missionaries to China should note especially 
the part that their own nationals have played in this history- 
making. To be ignorant of it is to lose prestige with grate- 
ful or reproachful Chinese who will be quick to note any ig- 
norance in what has concerned them so deeply. Least of all 
should those from the United States display ignorance of 
events which ended in the adoption of a form of government 
which emulates the glory of that adopted model of enlight- 
ened rule, even though China’s status is not that of an ideal 
republic. 


9. Formative Leaders.—It will be well, perhaps, to select 
from the foregoing history a few of its most famous makers. 
At least the leading stories and facts should be known con- 
cerning the trio at the head-streams of Confucian history, 
Yao, Shun and Yi; Confucius’s heroes who founded the 
Chou Dynasty, Wen Wang, Wu Wang and his beau ideal, 
Chou Kung; Confucius, Mencius and their thirteenth century 
redactor and continuator, Chu Hsi; the brilliant characters 


15 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


of the T‘ang Dynasties, T‘ai Tsung and Li T‘ai-po, and Em- 
peror Kao Tsung of the Sung with Wang An-shih of social- 
istic state fame; the two great Asiatic conquerors, Genghis 
Khan and Kublai Khan; the brightest star of the last Dy- 
nasty just at an end, the brilliant K‘ang Hsi; the most fa- 
mous woman ruler of China’s milleniums, the late Empress 
Dowager Tzu Hsi, and her able lieutenant, Li Hung-chang; 
and the two makers of the Republic, Sun Yat-sen, of later 
beclouded glory, and Yiian Shih-k‘ai. Less is known than 
should be of two other great men of the Revolution, the 
formative writer, Liang Ch‘i-ch‘ao, and Li Yttan-hung, the 
military hero of the Republic. If only the bald facts of their 
legends or lives are learned, the value of the study will be 
largely lost. These men stand for definite ideals, practical 
teachings and telling deeds which are indelibly stamped upon 
the nation, and which should be known. 

10. The Chinese Language——The timorous attitude of 
many candidates for China because of what they have heard 
of its unique language would be changed into interest and 
admiration, if they had an intelligible idea of its origin and 
general nature, as well as of its redeeming qualities. 


The spoken language would better not be undertaken in 
America for a number of reasons, chief among which are its 
tonal difficulties, variations in pronunciation in different sec- 
tions, inability to correct oneself in rhythm with only occa- 
sional lessons from a teacher, and the uncertainty of most 
candidates as to the local dialect to be finally learned: It is 
extremely difficult to unlearn mistakes and hence vernacular 
studies should be postponed. 


While the study of Phonetics is not absolutely essential 
for a language which in its original Pekingese form possesses 
only 420 words, mostly monosyllables, and varying little from 
related English sounds, it is of great value in the dialectical 
regions, notably the provinces of Fukien and Kwangtung. 
If taught by competent persons, it will help all language stu- 


16 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


dents in that it enables them to form the sounds in the mouth 
with an ease and correctness which is lacking where there 
has been no phonetic study. 

General facts concerning the peculiarities of the language 
in its colloquial, classical and semi-classical forms may be 
profitably learned, as also a general idea of the formation and 
evolution of its fascinating characters. Little time should 
be spent upon this line of study. China’s Committee on the 
Training of Missionaries asserts: “It would be well for all 
missionary candidates who have an opportunity to do so to 
study one of the modern languages in the way that French 
is taught at Columbia University, or to study the language in 
a Berlitz school, in order to learn by experience that the lan- 
guage can and must be learned through the ear and not 
through the eye, and that the study of grammar has com- 
paratively little to do with learning to speak a language.”’ 


11. Chinese Literature —As few missionaries know the 
language well enough to appreciate it as literature for two or 
three years after their arrival, it is desirable that candidates 
should through English translations and general discussions 
gain some knowledge of its character and contents in ad- 
vance. 

At least an outline view of the nine Classical Works should 
be secured in this way. In reading selections from the Odes 
it is well to find better specimens than the Sacrificial Odes 
rendered in the Sacred Books of the East, in order that a 
true idea of Chinese poetry and of the ancient common life 
may be gained. Selections from the Book of History, the 
Great Learning, the Analects and Mencius are other sections 
most likely to be profitable. 

Even the older missionaries rarely know much concerning 
China’s belles lettres, still less of its drama. It is possible 
to estimate the literary capacities of the Chinese in these di- 
rections through translations of certain masterpieces or se- 
lections from such renderings. 


17 ; 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


As was suggested in paragraph 7, so here it is advised that 
the influence of other than religious literature brought in 
from the Occident be made a subject of brief study, especi- 
ally works on the principles of government, finance, etc. 
What New China is reading from the West will aid the 
young missionary in his own choice of reading and thus be 
a direct help in his future work, especially among the edu- 
cated classes. Chinese imported agnosticism, let it be re- 
membered, is nearly thirty years behind the times. 

12. History of Chinese Missions.—This subject is deserv- 
ing of more attention than most that have preceded. A 
sketch of Nestorian Missions and a fuller account of the long 
established work of the Roman Catholics will supply lessons 
of warning as well as of instruction. Unhappily those Cath- 
olic sources most commonly available are unduly partisan 
and in some cases grossly misrepresent the work of Prot- 
estants. 

In studying China’s Protestant missionary history, the 
emphasis should be placed upon the work since 1890, and 
more particularly upon that of the last decade. The reports 
of Conferences held in Shanghai in 1877 and 1890 and that 
of Protestantism’s Centenary Conference of 1907 will prove 
helpful as epochal reviews, especially as China’s strictly mis- 
sionary history has little satisfactory literature. 

The history of one’s own Board’s activities in that country 
should be looked into with special care. Much of this must 
be learned from files of its periodicals but more especially 
from its annual reports, as very few Societies have histories 
of their work in China save in pamphlet form. 

13. Biographies—Such literature has a living interest 
which mere history does not possess. Character, work, en- 
vironment, methods, problems, accomplishments, and inspira- 
tion are derivable from every well written missionary bio- 
graphy. Note especially the spiritual elements in these lives. 
Though not in the ordinary thought regarded as mission- 


18 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


aries, Chinese workers are truly such, and the few biogra- 
phies available should not be overlooked. 

14. Missionary Methods.—Missionary methods are un- 
dergoing a decided change in China, particularly in regions 
most affected by the Revolution. Hence much that is found 
in the earlier conference discussions of the subject is out of 
date. Yet, as a China college president writes, ‘these old re- 
ports are useful in showing how not to do things—warn- 
ings.” The merest outline of what was commonly held as 
standard at the first two Shanghai Conferences may be noted ; 
but the bulk of this study should be based upon the Centenary 
Conference Report, that part of Dr. Mott’s Report of Asi- 
atic Conferences pertaining to China, and the second Report 
of the China Continuation Committee, not as the final de- 
liverance as to method, but as the best current word. Those 
sections that are most vital are the ones dealing with evan- 
gelization, education, and the Chinese Church. 


While co-operation cannot be called a method of mission 
work, it is so vitally related to certain methods, especially 
educational and evangelistic effort, that it should be studied 
in this connection. 


15. Apologetics—The Chinese of the old order were 
rarely men who gave any serious thought to religion of any 
sort, least of all to Christianity. New China has been largely 
educated in Japan, where the Rationalist Press Association 
and the agnosticism of Japanese leaders have had an influ- 
ence upon the student class. Moreover, a race which has had 
a Sung Dynasty and such philosophers as Confucius, Men- 
cius and Chu Hsi, will inevitably produce thinkers of no 
mean order of ability. 

At present Apologetics are needed mainly to refute theo- 
ries which, though already outgrown in the Occident, are 
still more or less current in the Orient, having come into 
China from Japan, as, e.g., the earlier evolutionary hypoth- 
eses. Yet missionaries to China will one day need all the re- 


19 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


sources along apologetic lines that are desirable in the most 
advanced mission lands. Probably the most vital topics will 
be historical criticism, materialism as a basis of religion, uni- 
versal religions, agnosticism, and the latest evolutionary 
views. The person of Christ and His influence upon Occi- 
dental civilization and world-inter-relations should be thor- 
oughly known. 


IV. PracricAaL PHaAsES OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION. 
It is exceedingly difficult to make helpful suggestions upon 
this point for the reason that missionaries stationed in or 
near ports—and provincial centers in most cases—can find 
Chinese who have been trained to do or manufacture almost 
anything desired by foreigners. Yet many inland stations 
are so isolated that something should be said upon the 
subject. 


1. Medical Hints.—First aid to the injured is demanded 
often on tours or even at the station. In a land where den- 
tistry is a costly or unobtainable luxury, the care of teeth and 
even the ability to extract them are vital matters outside 
large foreign centers. Those who will spend their time quite 
largely in itineration should know how to treat the simplest 
diseases, particularly those to which they themselves are sub- 
ject and which are curable by specifics. Many a life may be 
saved if missionaries know how to care for the sick; hence 
women candidates especially should acquaint themselves 
with the simplest rules of nursing and sick-room dietetics. 
Mothers should. understand how to treat the commonest ail- 
ments of children. Personal hygiene and principles of sani- 
tation are generally useful for the missionary. 


2. The Home.—Men often need to superintend the build- 
ing of their own houses and hence a general knowledge of 
house planning and construction is a helpful asset, even if it 
has been derived only from observation of structures in pro- 
cess of erection. Nearly every missionary is obliged to over- 
see the work of repairs; and if foreign painting is to be done 

20 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


outside of large cities, they must give instructions to Chinese 
painters. House decoration and furnishing in far inland 
stations will depend upon the missionary’s taste and skill, 
aided by the mail-order house and packing boxes which may 
be metamorphosed into articles of comfort and beauty. With 
the coming of architects and business men, the tendency in 
large cities is away from the necessity of a missionary being 
a ““Jack-of-all-trades.” 


3. The Garden.—Chinese vegetables and fruits are often 
inferior to those of the Occident, or else are wholly lacking, 
so that missionaries whose stations have the requisite land 
will find it desirable to know how to plant and care for Amer- 
ican vegetables not grown in China. Small fruit culture and 
horticulture made Dr. Nevius a benefactor to the province of 
Shantung and will confer a benefit on other parts of the Re- 
public. 

4. Woman’s Specialties—Women missionaries must di- 
rect the homes in which they live, whether they are their own 
or are homes shared by other missionaries. These Chris- 
tian homes ought to be and are examples and centers of in- 
fluence. Women missionaries should know how to keep 
household accounts and to direct servants. A knowledge of 
cooking, dressmaking, nursing, sanitation, dietetics, house- 
hold arts and everything pertaining to the making, manage- 
ment and influence of a home might well be included in the 
preparation of women. Yet such needs are not peculiar to 
China, and women candidates are advised to read carefully 
the report on the Preparation of Women for Foreign Mis- 
sionary Service, referred to on the bottom of page 29. 

In order to make the best approach to the women of China, 
the historic attitude of China to women and girls and the 
position of the Chinese woman in her household should be 
made the object of special study. Where a movement for the 
greater freedom of Chinese women is under way, women 
candidates should study the place of women in the develop- 


21 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


ment of the race and be ready to meet wisely the situation 
thus created. Especially should women candidates under- 
stand Chinese women’s ambitions, as well as their oppres- 
sions. 


5. Practical Christian W ork.—During college years mem- 
bership in the Student Christian Associations will pre- 
pare prospective missionaries for aiding a movement which 
in China has the highest official endorsement and whose help- 
ful program is being made a part of the missionary propa- 
ganda there. Similarly, participation in the guidance of 
Christian Endeavor Societies and other young people’s or- 
ganizations will be a valuable aid in missions. Sunday 
school teaching and superintending in a Bible school of 
modern organization is desirable. If a Chinese Sunday 
school is at hand, the conduct of that difficult form of re- 
ligious work may be undertaken with profit. Almost equally 
valuable is any religious work for foreigners recently ar- 
rived. Teaching them English is an excellent means of re- 
vealing linguistic difficulties which the candidate will shortly 
face in China. Work in missions among the ignorant and 
degraded will prepare one to some extent for evangelistic 
and social work in one’s future station; and it is vastly easier 
to learn wise methods of approach where one can use the 
English language than in China. Personal work is a desid- 
eratum for every missionary, now that the individual is dis- 
placing the crowd as the objective of Chinese evangelistic 
endeavor. 


6. Cultivating Asiatic Students.——Asiatic students are to 
be found in many of the large educational institutions of 
North America. Friendships formed among them, particu- 
larly with the Chinese, and brotherly acts of helpfulness 
shown, are first steps toward that intimate acquaintance and 
co-operation which are the candidate’s ultimate goal. Mem- 
‘bership in Cosmopolitan Clubs is another cognate opportunity 
in some American universities. 


22 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


7. Miscellaneous Items.—Photography of a higher order 
than most missionaries possess is increasingly important 
for the home propaganda of Missions; and a knowledge 
of lantern-slide making, at least of contact-slide making, is 
helpful on the field—as is the ability to operate the stereopti- 
con. All missionaries ought to know the elements of book- 
keeping for personal and particularly for mission purposes. 
Teachers will find calisthenics and athletic sports an aid in 
their work, as they are taught in the best Chinese boarding 
schools and colleges. Though the study of music has been 
mentioned as an undergraduate desideratum, if that is im- 
practicable, candidates will be more useful if they can pre- 
pare themselves later to lead singing, vocally or by the aid 
of some instrument. In remote stations the ability to replace 
broken watch-springs is desirable, and skill in repairing a 
bicycle is occasionally useful, while knowledge of how to 
make a noon-mark, will, with the Nautical Almanac, provide 
approximately accurate time. Ability to write a crisp, vivid 
article for secular or religious periodicals is helpful; so, also, 
is a knowledge of the best methods of school and church reg- 
istration, of letter filing and of other administrative helps. 
The facile use of a. typewriter will save time and may possi- 
bly prevent writer’s cramp. 


C. Courses oF StTuDY FOR MISSIONARIES AT WoRK 
IN CHINA 


Mission Boards have not yet clearly established their poli- 
cies regarding the wise use of time on the field for language 
mastery or for added development. This is a matter of very 
great importance, alike to the new missionary, to the mis- 
sionary of experience and to the Candidate Secretary of the 
Home Board. 

I. For Misstonaries DurInc THEIR First Year. 1. 
Language Study.—This is the primary task of the first 
two years for most missionaries. If done in solitariness in 


23 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


an isolated station under a Chinese teacher—who has not the 
faintest idea of modern methods of teaching the language— 
and surrounded by a tiny band of overworked missionaries 
and their Chinese colleagues, the hopelessness of the task, 
waste of time and nerve, and overwhelming sympathy for fel- 
low workers will make the year of only secondary value. The 
union training schools for newly arrived missionaries are 
established to make the difficult task as easy as possible and 
to secure for the new comers the most favorable conditions 
for rapid advance in the language and for acclimatizing them 
with least danger to health. At least thirty per cent. greater 
progress in the language ought to result from attendance at 
a training institution in China than would be possible at an 
isolated station. Suggestions are unnecessary for studies 
under such favorable circumstances, since the directors of 
those institutions know the local conditions and will give all 
needed advice. If for any reason the new comer cannot at- 
tend one of these schools, advice can be secured from the 
leaders of such institutions as to the best methods of study, 
or from those who have studied under them. 


2. Lectures—Valuable as is the linguistic instruction 
given in the training institutions at Nanking, Peking, and 
elsewhere, the advantage derived from the lectures upon im- 
portant “things Chinese” by authorities is likewise very val- 
uable, both because of the information gained and also be- 
cause they relieve the monotony and strain of endless lan- 
guage study. 


3. Private Study of Individual Missionaries.—It is ad- 
vised for those who cannot attend these schools, that not more 
than six hours per day be given to direct Chinese study, but 
that they substitute for further book work studies of their 
environment and future people and chatting and visiting with 
them. Readings upon Chinese customs, religions and the 
common life may take the place of lectures of the training 
schools. So far as possible these readings should interpret 


24 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


what observation has punctuated with interrogation points. 

4. The Assimilation of Experience.—While not a study 
through books, newly arrived missionaries should learn all 
that is possible of and from the practical experience of their 
elders. In the training schools the leaders would naturally 
be persons whose experience is valuable and particularly 
trustworthy. Genuine studies of successful experience are 
ephemeral in their value, unless the student makes his own 
books as he gains new knowledge. Acquiring the systematic, 
accurate note-book habit will prove a valuable preparation 
for all one’s future. But such study can go farther than a 
note-book. It should be assimilated through practice hours 
when possible, and always should be discriminatingly di- 
gested and taken into one’s personal possession for future 
use. . 


5. Fellowship—One of the most valuable advantages 
of the training school over the isolated station is that of liv- 
ing with men and women from different denominations and 
of varying races. The common life together, the stimulus 
and sense of rivalry arising from the same studies and lec- 
tures, sharing in walks, talks and tennis, in daily prayers 
and Sunday worship with no suggestion of denominational 
differences, those intimacies of closest friendships cemented 
by co-operation, federation and fellowship in prayer and 
by the ties of common tasks, are the surest guarantee of later 
abiding comity. Such institutions are the best laboratories 
in which to study all phases of co-operation, federation and 
even of union itself. 


While the isolated newcomer loses this benefit derived by 
new missionaries from attendance at training schools, he 
may learn, better than they, another lesson in fellowship in 
his isolation. _Comradeship with the Chinese should be cen- 
tral in every missionary life, and it will be more helpfully so 
in proportion as one studies them and learns how to admire 
and love and serve them. This should, therefore, be a major 


25 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


study of the first year, parallel with language acquisition, 
both for isolated missionaries and for the less favorably cir- 
cumstanced language school students. The danger of unduly 
cultivating certain congenial Chinese, thus occasioning envy, 
is to be guarded against, especially by women missionaries. 


Il. Later StupDIES OF THOSE ON THE FIELD. Asa matter 


of fact most missionaries find themselves so burdened with 
work after the first years of language study that they do not 


find or make the time to pursue any line of study not strictly 
demanded by their daily tasks. This Committee believes 
that such a course is unwise, if God is to have the best and 
most productive service from His workers. Avocation may 
be just as fruitful in Missions as vocation, if carefully chosen, 
temperately pursued, and wisely co-ordinated. It is grati- 
fying to notice that in nearly every mission field, and in none 
more than in China, the older missionaries are recognizing 
as never before the dangers of stagnating intellectually and 
the absolute necessity of advancing in knowledge and in 
power to grasp and solve their problems, and are therefore, 
singly and in groups, devoting themselves to the thorough 
and progressive studies of subjects of special concern to them 
in the prosecution of their work. 


1. The New Chinese Language.—This study should not 
be regarded as a questionable expenditure of time, especially 
in stations where modern education has introduced, largely 
from Japan, the new terminology and diction of renascent 
China. These new terms should be known through a study 
of such volumes as Mrs. Mateer’s and Mr. E. Morgan’s, or 
better still, through reading Chinese periodicals and occa- 
sional government documents of importance. | 

2. Selections from the Classics—-Modern missionaries 
are likely to neglect the classical Chinese, now that the old 
requirements are deleted in large part from government 
education. As there is much that is intrinsically valuable in 
the Classics, particularly the Four Books, and as they will 


26 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


long dominate modern wén /i style, selections should be read, 
and usable quotations with their contexts should be copied 
for memorizing, and subsequent public use. Such studies are 
the necessary complement and fulfilling of the English trans- 
lations read before going to China. 


3. Literary Avocations—As an enrichment of one’s 
vocabulary and diction, it is well to read in part at least some 


of the latest books issued from the Chinese press, as well as 
some of the standard belles lettres of the past and current 
periodicals. There are many admirable essays in modern 
diction and style, notably those of Liang Ch‘i-ch‘ao. Accord- 
ing to one’s natural inclinations a special line of reading 
should be undertaken with a view to making literary con- 
tributions to Occidental periodicals or Asiatic Society Jour- 
nals. Some of the Sung Dynasty philosophers still remain 
unknown to English-speaking readers for the most part and 
studies of China’s religious writings other than Confucian 
need to be undertaken. 


4. Field Studies.—Missionaries should know the condi- 
tions and circumstances of their own field. It is a mistake 
to judge or formulate mission policy from the viewpoint of 
one’s own station. Missionaries should visit others in the 
surrounding district, thus learning the exact situation in 
each place. It is only in this way that they can make effective 
contributions to discussions of mission policy. Every mis- 
sion station in China should provide some person who is will- 
ing to co-operate with the China Continuation Committee in 
its field surveys with a view to a better and more economical 
occupation. These studies are not to be merely geograph- 
ical in character, valuable as they are for the missionary car- 
tographer. They should be far broader in their scope than 
Dr. Cochran’s rudimentary and important studies in this di- 
rection and perhaps start from his volumes as a basis. A few 
specialists of this sort would supply the greatly needed force 
for a Board of Missionary Strategy which will soon emerge 


27 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


and provide the Church with information which will render 
the present campaigning, often haphazard, vastly more 
effective. 


5. Local Studies in Religion—The so-called “Three Re- 
ligions” of China are only formal and external manifesta- 
tions of religion behind which is a mass of heterogeneous 
beliefs, superstitions and practices which are unknown to 
most workers. It is exceedingly desirable that every mis- 
sionary should know the religious background which is to 
help or hinder the Gospel. A few specialists will enable their 
fellows to reach the Chinese hearts through what they have 
learned by laborious, patient and sympathetic investigation. 
But this should not prevent every missionary from learning 
for himself what the people really believe and practice in the 
realm of religion. In many large cities there are religious 
gatherings on special days, when forms of worship are gone 
through and lectures are given. Foreigners can usually gain 
admission to these meetings and also read reports of them in 
the local press. 


6. The Science of Missions,—Its hour was struck in China 
with Dr. Mott’s Conferences of 1913 and the consequent 
creation of the China Continuation Committee of the 
Edinburgh Conference. The Records of those Asiatic Con- 
ferences and of the Second Meeting of the China Continua- 
tion Committee should be studied by those who would learn 
from the best experience of others. The nine volumes of the 
Edinburgh Conference of 1910, containing a wider and less 
exact scientific statement of data, should also be studied. If 
the China Continuation Committee could establish a scientific 
missionary quarterly, or develop the Chinese Recorder more 
fully on this side, much progress would result. 


7. Experiments in Missionary Efficiency—The science 


of Missions should be translated into the art of Missions, 
and this is only possible when students of the science will 


give themselves to the application of discovered principles, 
28 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


attested by some experience, in wiser ways and under scien- 
tific tests. All the methods employed by China missionaries 
to-day are doubtless valuable, but they are not all as helpful 
to the cause as they might be. The systematic search for the 
best that it may root out the good and the better can be suc- 
cessful only when experimentation under proper observation 
and discriminating criticism has been undertaken. This calls 
for painstaking study. 


8. Studies in Personal Dynamics.—The Chinese are 
preéminently a people who are swayed by great personalities. 
Confucius, rather than his Princely Man, has influenced 
countless millions during twenty-four centuries; and modern 
missionaries are likely to lose influence, if they do not perfect 
their own powers and exercise their own personalities. A 
prayerful study of one’s own life and its real springs, the 
reading of biographies such as are listed in the Bibliography, 
intimate conversation with the most thoughtful Chinese, 
Christian and non-Christian alike, and conferences and 
studies having this great theme as their central objective, 
will result in better missionaries. 


9. Studies and Experiments in Leadership.—tIncreas- 
ingly must the missionary to China, like his brethren in 
Japan, assume the role of unobtrusive, brotherly leadership. 
The lives of such men as Duff in India, Hogg in Egypt, 
Hamlin in Turkey, and especially DeForest in Japan, are 
worthy of careful study. Neesima of Japan is perhaps the 
most suggestive life of an Asiatic for the present purpose, 
though Pastor Hsi will long live in the thought of those 
Chinese who knew him. 

Experimentation is even more desirable and should be 
based upon a thorough consideration of all the factors in the 
case and upon the experience of Japan missionaries. The 
rise of self-consciousness in the minds of Christian Chinese 
leaders and the action of the Continuation Committees in 
China have made it unwise and in some quarters impractic- 


29 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


able to follow the old paternalistic theories of leadership. 
Experiments are in order, but they should be made upon the 
joint decision of missionaries and Chinese leaders. Experi- 
menters should bear in mind that working shoulder to shoul- 
der with a Chinese fellow worker is better than encouraging 
him from behind, and that the Oriental leader will profit by 
recognizing that his foreign co-laborer is, through the Chris- 
tian inheritance of centuries, his superior in this legacy of 
character and ideals. 


10. Japan’s Evolution.—Dr. John R. Mott’s contention 
that missionaries to China can learn more from the experi- 
ence of modern missions in Japan than from that of any 
other single country is so true that this study should be in the 
program of the early years in China. While Dr. DeForest’s 
life is the best source at present, the promised biography of 
Dr. Davis and one of Dr. Greene, if it could be written, 
would supply further light as to how a man may influence a 
people in the process of transformation. The Japan Evan- 
gelist and the Year Book of the Christian Movement in 
Japan will prove very helpful in this study. If a number of 
missionaries are in a station and would subscribe jointly for 
the Japan Weekly Mail they would not only find it a source 
of illumination, but would also derive from it a view of China 
which is invaluable. The secular Year Book of Japan is also 
commended if any extended study of the subject is under- 
taken. Dr. Gulick’s Evolution of the Japanese is still valu- 
able, though not recent. 


11. Occidental Progress.—In order to converse intelli- 
gently and helpfully with students and other new Chinese, 
it is essential that the missionary should be a student of 
Western progress. The making of Europe and America, es- 
pecially of Great Britain and the United States, is replete 
with lessons for China’s transitional stage. History, how- 
ever, is not so helpful as a mastery of present-day move- 
ments in the industrial, social, intellectual and religious 


30 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


world. By clubbing together a group of missionaries could 
have the reading of a few of the best periodicals and the 
most notable volumes of the year. The resultant knowledge 
should be passed on to appreciative Christians and other 
Chinese, either orally or through Chinese periodicals. 


12. Life Specialties —Every missionary can make some 
contribution to the interpretation of China to the world. It 
cannot be done ina year. It must be some elemental subject 
which has gripped the soul and which, brooded over and 
studied on every side, at last becomes clear and illuminating. 
Dr. Gulick’s classic, just mentioned, is an illustration of what 
is meant, as also his latest volume, intended to mediate be- 
tween Japan and the United States, The American Japanese 
Problem. The mastery of some perennial problem of China’s 
present and future, its agitation and measures for its solu- 
tion will endear an elect missionary to millions and win for 
him China’s grateful epitaph, ‘““He loveth our nation.” 


13. The Time for Such Studies——As already stated, lack 
of time rather than of inclination is the real difficulty in 
prosecuting any studies on the field. Seemingly this is a 
sufficient reason; really the objection only takes into account 
hours and an overflowing work which cannot be overtaken, 
no matter what program is adopted, while it ignores the far 
more important item of efficiency in the missionary vocation. 
The more rapidly China advances, the more varied the de- 
mands created by Occidental contact, the larger and more ex- 
acting one’s constituency becomes, the greater is the neces- 
sity of being fitted to aid and to lead in the nation’s Christian 
renaissance. The developing thirst of New China for the 
waters of a Christian life and civilization cannot be quenched 
at the mouth of empty cisterns; full and ever renewed springs 
can alone meet its clamant need. 

This means that missionaries should resolutely set them- 
selves to solve the problem of filling as related to the threat- 
ening disaster of an easy emptying. A systematic husband- 


31 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


ing of minutes; the use of hours spent on boats, in carts or 
sedan chairs for thought upon some pressing problem or for 
reading some helpful discussion affecting it; the employment 
of part of the rest period on the mountain or by the seashore; 
the occasional interjection of vital discussions of phases of 
missionary efficiency at monthly missionary gatherings, an- 
nual meetings, or on the cool heights of Kuling and Mokan- 
shan: these are suggestions only of what is possible without 
taking weeks of time for the studies recommended. But it 
is this Committee’s deliberate conviction that missionary 
Boards should encourage their missionaries to make time, if 
necessary, to enable their workers to live the abundant life 
which is bound to be the most fruitful one. Need we add 
that the spiritual filling of the individual should be safe- 
guarded and developed as a primal necessity of missionary 
efficiency? 


D. Courses or Stupy FoR MISSIONARIES ON FuRLOUGH 

Definite and helpful suggestions for missionaries at home 
on furlough are most difficult to make. With a year only at 
their disposal, with the constant demands coming to such 
missionaries as are acceptable speakers, with the necessity 
for physical and mental rest, and with financial problems to 
face, the prospect for study at home is scant. Moreover, 
those at home on their third or later furloughs have reached 
an age when any formal study at college, seminary or univer- 
sity, is intellectually difficult. Happily a large and growing 
number of missionaries on furlough are surmounting these 
difficulties and thus are demonstrating the practicability of 
deriving much intellectual and spiritual profit during this 
rest period. ; 


I. Provision FoR FurLoucH Stupy. 1. The Time Ele- 
ment.—Missionaries are at the disposal of their Boards. 
Hence the Societies should be induced to grant all their work- 
ers under fifty years of age, who may wish to do so, part of 
their furlough period for special study to fit them for more 


32 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


effective work on their return. At least three months, or 
better, a full school year of the average furlough should be 
spared for this purpose. If the missionary is in good health, 
the Sundays of this period could be used for nearby deputa- 
tion work, though preferably they should be sacred to rest 
and enable him to hear inspiring and spiritual preachers 
and to inspect the Sunday operations of successful churches. 


2. The Expenses of Study.—Furlough allowances would 
naturally continue, and the cost of living in educational cen- 
ters is ordinarily less than in most cities. A number of 
North American Boards are already meeting the special ex- 
penses incident to such studies. 


II. StupIEs To BE PursueD. 1. Necessary Courses.—In 
some cases missionaries return from tasks which demand 
_ further study, notably physicians and educators. Such men 
and women need no suggestions from others as to what to do 
on furlough. 


2. Personal Preferences——Other workers feel the need 
of intellectual stimulus and refurbishing. If they do not de- 
mand specialized studies, as do those mentioned in the pre- 
ceding paragraph, the personal equation should dictate the 
courses to be pursued. 


3. Studies Commonly Desirable-—Those missionaries 
who do not fall under the two preceding categories will prob- 
ably find the following studies most profitable: Modern Bible 
studies and Church methods, special periods of Church his- 
tory, religious education, social studies of a practical sort, 
constitutional history, Oriental history, economics, national 
efficiency, modern theories of evolution, apologetics, and the 
science of missions. Some or all of these may have been 
studied years before; here they are suggested only that the 
missionary may be brought into touch with the latest results 
of scholarship in these various lines. Bible study under com- 
petent leadership seems especially desirable. Recent secular 


33 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


literature in science, history or fiction, will interpret modern 
life in a profitable way. 

One prominent missionary makes these excellent general 
suggestions: “A furlough gives a valuable opportunity for 
the study of China as a whole. During his life there, the 
missionary is confined mainly to one place, or district, and it 
is difficult for him quietly and thoughtfully to look out upon 
the whole nation. When on furlough, he is sufficiently re- 
moved from the sphere of his work to review what is hap- 
pening in China in a broad, detached and impartial spirit. A 
furlough also provides an excellent opportunity for further 
study of the Chinese language, if it is possible for him to at- 
tend a school of Oriental studies.” 

III. THr Pract or Stupy. This will be determined part- 
ly by the courses to be taken. The Board of Missionary 
Preparation will aid in directing missionaries to institutions 
where special needs may best be met. If Sunday work is ex- 
pected of those on furlough, institutions central to a denom- 
inational constituency may decide the question. Personal 
preferences or family necessities will often dictate the loca- 
tion for study. 


1. Personal Study—Many missionaries will prefer to 
study at their temporary homes instead of in an educational 
institution. In that case, they will wisely locate in a city 
where library facilities are ample, and where expert advice 
as to reading is available—which would commonly mean a 
university town. Here also the Director of the Board of 
Missionary Preparation can be of great practical assistance 
to those desiring expert counsel. 


2. Institutional Study—In general a university center 
can supply a larger range of courses and professors for spe- 
cial studies than can be found in a college or a missionary 
training school. Moreover, when a degree is desirable, as an 
M. A. for China, and missionaries can remain long enough 
to secure it with additional field study, the degree conferring 


34 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


institution has this advantage. Specializing schools also 
have their advantages, such as a more sympathetic atmos- 
phere, expert professors, and more extended opportunities 
for definitely missionary courses. 


E. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LITERATURE ON CHINA 


I. THe ALPHABETICAL List. The bibliography here pre- 
sented is a selected list chosen from a larger one supplied by 
persons who have had long experience in China as mission- 
aries, though this is not wholly true of works on Apologetics, 
B. IIIf. 15. The chairman of the Committee has been ob- 
liged to assume responsibility for reducing the list to its pres- 
ent dimensions. Even as it now remains, the number of 
entries is larger than would be advisable, were it not for the 
fact that libraries are likely to be deficient in literature on 
China and by supplying a larger list it becomes more possible 
to find some books upon each main subject. 


An asterisk prefixed to certain titles indicates that the 
volumes thus marked are either superior as general works 
of reference, or else are the best for certain topics, though 
not always as a whole, but rather in certain chapters or 
briefer sections. 

The capitals A, B, C, D, and subsequent numerals follow- 
ing title entries suggest the sections of the report for which 
they are especially useful, though in many cases a volume is 
helpful for other sections of the report than are indicated. 


1. Adams, W. F. A New Pocket Dictionary (now in press). 
Shanghai. C. I. 1. 

2. Alexander, A. B. D. Christianity and Ethics. Scribners, 
1914. B. III. 15. 

3. Alexander, G. G. Lao Tsze, the Great Thinker. Tribner, 
189567 Be 11Ts.9. 

4, *Allan, C. W. The Makers of Cathay. Presbyterian Press, 
Shanghai, 1909. B. III. 9. 

5. Angier, A.G. The Far East Revisited (Part II.) Witherby 
& Co., 1908. BB. III. 8. 


35 


LD 


16. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Arnold, T. W. The Preaching of Islam. Scribner, 1913. B. 
L157 

*Backhouse, E., and Bland, J. O. P. Annals and Memoirs 
of the Court of Peking (from the 16th to the 20th century). 
Heinemann, 1913. B. III. 5, 9. 

Balfour, F. H. Divine Classic of Nan Hua, being the work 
of Chuang Tsze. Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1881. B. III. 7, 
11. 

— Taoist Texts (with translations). Kelly & Walsh, Shang- 
hai, 1884. B. III. 7, 11. 

Ball, J. D. The Celestial and his Religions. (Lecture II.) 
Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1906. B. III. 6, 7.. 

— The Chinese at Home. Revell, 1911. B. III. 2, 3. 

— *Things Chinese. Murray, 1904. (Article “Chinese Peo- 
ple, Characteristics of,” B. III. 2; “Language” and “Dia- 
lects,’ B. IIT. 10;. “Literature” and. “Poetry,” B.) TIL.11; 
“Societies,” B. III. 3; “Societies, Secret,” B. III. 7.) 

Baller, F. W. An Analytical Chinese-English Dictionary. 
China Inland Mission, Shanghai, 1900. C. I, II. 

— Fortunate Union. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai. B. III. 
RE 

— Lessons in Elementary Wenli. China Inland Mission. 
London, 1912. C. II. 2. 

— Letters from an Old Missionary to his Nephew. (Letter 
I.) Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1907. C. I. (throughout 
the year). 


17—A Mandarin Primer. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai. C. I. 1. 


18. 


19; 


20. 


Zi 


ee. 


23. 


*Barber, W. T. A. David Hill, Missionary and Saint. C. H. 
Relly, 1696) wetter lo: 

Barton, J. L. Educational Missions. Student Volunteer 
Movement, 1913. B. III. 4, 14. 

Bashford, J. W. China and Methodism. Methodist Book 
Concern, 1906. B. III. 12. 

Batty, J. A. S. Our Opportunity in China (Anglican Mis- 
sions). Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 1912. 
BALEN 2 

*Beal, S. Buddhism in China. S. P. C. K., 1884. B. III. 
Of73 

— A Catena of Buddhistic Scriptures from the Chinese. 
Dribnerle7 iBall h 6572 


36 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Bentley, W. P. Illustrious Chinese Christians. Standard 
Publishing Co., 1906. B. III. 13. 

Berry, D. M. The Sister Martyrs of esate) Memoir 
and Letters of Eleanor and Elizabeth Saunders. Revell, n. 
depp Be IAA. 

*Bitton, N. Griffith John, the Apostle of Central China (a 
sketch extending to his death). Sunday School Union, Lon- 
don, 1912. B. III. 13. 

— Our Heritage in China (London Missionary Society). 
London Missionary Society, 1913. B. III. 12. 

Blakeslee, G. H., editor. China and the Far East. Crowell, 
tO Oe Che XI Vie Ballt:-12, 

— Recent Developments in China. Stechert, 1913. (Em- 
press Dowager.) Ch. XVI, B. III. 9. | 

Bland, J. O. P. Recent Events and Present Policies in China. 
Heinemann, 1912. B. III. 5, 8. 

*Bland, J. O. P., and Backhouse, E. China Under the Em- 
press Dowager. Lippincott, 1912. B. III. 9. 

Bond, G. J. Our Share in China (Canadian Methodist work). 
Toronto Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, 1909. 
Be‘FTk. 12; 

Boulger, D. C. History of China. 2 vols. W. Thacker & 
Co., 1898. B. III. 8, 9. 

— Life of Gordon. 2 vols. Unwin, London, 1896. B. III. 
87016. 

Bradt, C. E., and others. Around the World Studies and 
Stories of Presbyterian Foreign Missions. Missionary Press 
Coe ev ichita nansas.. Be TIT. 12, 

Brewster, W. N. Evolution of New China. Methodist Book 
Concern, 1907. B. III. 5. 

Bridgman, E. J., editor. The Life and Labors of Elijah 
Coleman Bridgman. Randolph, 1864. B. III. 13. 
Brinkley, F. Oriental Series. China. Millet Co., 1902. 
Vol. X, ch. I., B. III. 1; vol. X, ch: IL, ~&B. a Ss vol. XT; 
chs. II-IV, B. III. 12. 

Broomhall, M. The Chinese Empire: A General and Mis- 
sionary Survey. Morgan & Scott, 1907. B. III. 12. 

— Doctor Lee. Morgan & Scott, 1908. B. III. 13. 

— (editor). In Memoriam: Rev. J. Hudson Taylor, M. R. 
C. S., Beloved Founder and Director of the China Inland 
Mission. Morgan & Scott, 1905. B. III. 13. 


37 


61. 


62. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


— *Islam in China. Morgan & Scott, 1910. B. III. 7. 
Brown, A. J. The Chinese Revolution. Student Volunteer 
Movement, 1912. B. III. 5, 8. 
— The Foreign Missionary. Revell, 1907. A. 
— New Forces in Old China. Revell, 1904. B. III. 8. 
Brown, C. C. China in Legend and Story. Revell, N. Y., 
12 OY pis Ba He ie 
— A Chinese St. Francis; or, The Life of Brother Mao. Hod- 
der & Stoughton, 1911. B. III. 13. 
Brown, W. A. The Christian Hope. Scribner, 1912. B. 
TBH EY bey: 
Bruce, A. B. Apologetics. Scribner, 1899. B, III. 15. 
Bryan, T. Two Years’ Course of Study in the Chinese 
Language. Methodist Publishing House, Shanghai. C. I. 1. 
Bryson, Mrs. M. I. Fred. C. Roberts of Tientsin. Allen- 
son, 1895. .B. III. 13. 

— *John Kenneth Mackenzie, Medical Missionary to SENG 
Revell. B. III. 13, 14. 
Budd, C. Chinese Poems. Henry French, 1912. B. III. 11. 
Bullock, T. L. Progressive Exercises in the Chinese Written 
Language. Sampson, Low, Marston & Co., 1902. C. I. 1. 
Burns, I. Memoir of Rev. Wm. C. Burns, M. A. Nisbet, 
1885. B. III. 13. 
Burton, M. E. Education of Women in China. Revell, 
1911. B. III. 4. 
— Notable Women of Modern China. Revell, 1912. B. 
Po: 
Bushell, S. W. Chinese Art. 2 vols. Eyre & Spottiswoode, 
19102 Be Taeine: 
Bushnell, H. The Character of Jesus. Scribner, 1910. B. 
TH: 15; 
By the Great Wall of China. The Selected Correspondence 
of Isabella Riggs Williams. Revell, 1909. B. III. 13. 
*Call, Qualifications and Preparation of Candidates for Mis- 
sionary Service. Student Volunteer Movement, 1906. A. 
Candlin, G. T. Chinese Fiction. Open Court Publishing Co., 
Chicago, 1898. B. III. 11. 
— John Innocent: A Story of Mission Work in North 
China. United Methodist Publishing House, London, 1909. 
B, TTA: 


38 


79. 


81. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Cantlie, J., and Jones, C.S. Sun Yat Sen. Jarrold & Sons, 
19125 Bs Tts9: 

Carus, P. lLao-Tze’s Tao-teh-king. Chicago, Open Court 
Publishing Co., 1898. B. III. 7, 11. 

Catholic Encyclopedia (article “China”). Robert Appleton, 
1908-12. B. III. 12. 

Chalfant, F. H. Early Chinese Writing. Memoirs of the 
Carnegie Museum, Vol. IV, No. 1, 1906. B. III. 10. C.I. 1. 
Chalmers, J. An Account of the Structure of Chinese Char- 
acters. Triibner, 1882. B. III. 10. C. I. 1. 

Chang Chih-tung. China’s Only Hope. Revell, 1900. B. 
III. 8. 

Chén, H. C. Economic Principles of Confucius and His 
School. Longmans, 1911. B. III. 5, 6. 

*China Centenary Missionary Conference Records. American 
Tract Society, 1907. B. III. 4, 7, 12, 14. 

China Mission Handbook, 1896. Presbyterian Press, Shang- 
hai, 1896. Pp. 1-46, B. III. 7. Pp. 46-58 (Dialects), B. 
RITSFLOS 

*China Mission Year Books, Christian Literature Society, 
Shanghai. Missionary Education Movement, New York. B. 
III. 4, 12, 14. 

China: Social and Economic Conditions. American Academy 
of Political and Social Science, 1912. B. III. 3. 

*Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (see files of the 
periodical, especially since 1905). Presbyterian Press, Shang- 
hai. B. III. 10, 12, 14. 

The Christian Movement in Japan, Tokyo. C. II. 10. 
Christie, Mrs. D. Thirty Years in the Manchu Capital ... 
Being the Recollections of Dugald Christie, C. M. G., F. R. 
apo Moke Gam VMackride, Nastige Go. 1914. Bo IIT: 
13, 14. 

Clarke, W. N. The Christian Doctrine of God. Scribner, 
US” Tees 5 a ee 

*Cochrane, T. Survey of the Missionary Occupation of 
China. Christian Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 
1913... B. JTL. 12... C. IT. 4. 

— Atlas of China in Provinces. Christian Literature Society 
for China, Shanghai, 1913. B.III.12. C. II. 4. 

Collier, P. The West in the East. Scribner, 1911. B. III. 5. 


39 


82. 


83. 


86. 


87. 


97. 


98. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Colquhoun, A. R. China in Transformation. Harper, 1912. 
Bliss. “Chapter Is Beni aes: 

The Continuation Committee Conferences in Asia, 1912-13. 
Chairman of the Continuation Committee, 25 Madison Ave., 
New York. B. III. 14; C. II. 6. 

Cornaby, W. A. The Call of Cathay (for Wesleyan Missions 
especially). Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, 1910. 
Bolith 12: 

Costain, A. J. The Life of Dr. Arthur Jackson of Man- 
churia. Hodder & Stoughton, 1911. B. III. 13. 

Couvreur, F. S. Dictionnaire Classique de la Langue 
Chinoise. Ho Kien-fou, Impr. de la Mission Catholique. 
1904.:7' Ge 119273. 

Dale, W. Our Missions in the Far East (Presbyterian Church 
of England). Publications Committee, 21 Warwick Lane, 
1907. -B. III..12, | 
Davis, Sir J. F. On the Poetry of the Chinese (from the 
Royal Asiatic Transactions). Macao, China, 1834. B. 
PIUMLL 
Dean, W. The China Mission (history of all Protestant 
Missions in China until 1859). Tribner, 1859. B. III. 12. 
— Memoir of Mrs. Lucy T. Lord. American Baptist Publi- 
cation Society, Philadelphia, 1854. B. III. 13. 

De Forest, C. B. The Evolution of a Missionary (John 
Hyde De Forest). Revell, 1914. C. II. 10. 

De Gruché, K. Doctor Apricot of “Heaven Below”: The 
Story of the Hangchow Medical Mission (C. M. S.). Mar- 
shall Bros., n. d. B. III. 14. 

Dennis, J. S. Christian Missions and Social Progress. 3 
vols. (See Index under “China.”) Revell, 1897-1906. B. 
LET -33: 

Der Ling, Princess [Mrs. T. C. White]. Two Years in the 
Forbidden City. Moffat, Yard & Co., 1914. B. III. 9. 
Dingle, E. G. China’s Revolution, 1911-12. MacBride, Nast 
& Co., 1912. B. III. 8. 

*Doolittle, J. Social Life in China. 2 vols. Harper, 1865. 
Bupiies: 

Doré, H. Recherches sur les Superstitions en Chine (1 vol. 
published). T‘usewei Press, Shanghai. B. III. 7. 

Douglas, R. K. Confucianism and Taouism. S. P. C. K. 
London, 1906. B. III. 6, 7. 


40 


116. 


117. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


— *Society in China. Innes, 1894. B. III. 3. 

— Story of the Nations—China. Putnam, 1900. B. III. 8. 
Du Bose, H. C. The Dragon, Image and Demon. Arm- 
strong & Son, 1887. B. III. 6, 7. 

Eddy, G. S. The New Era in Asia. Missionary Education 
Movement, N. Y., 1913. Chs. IV, V. B. III. 14. 

Edkins, J. Chinese Buddhism. Triibner, 1893. B. III. 7. 
— Religions in China. Triibner, 1878. B. III. 7. 
Educational Review, Educational Association of China, 
Shanghai. B. III. 4. 

Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. Cambridge University 
Press, 1910. (Article “China,” B. III. 1; article “China 
(History),” B. III. 8; article “China (Literature),” B. III. 
11; article “China (The Chinese Language),” B. III. 10; 
articles “Confucius,” “Kublai Khan,” “Mencius,” B. III. 9.) 
The Encyclopedia of Islam (article “China”). Vol. I. Lu- 
zac & Co., 1913. B. III. 7. 

*Faber, E. The Mind of Mencius. Triibner, 1882. B. III. 
One 

— A Systematic Digest of the Doctrines of Confucius. 2d 
ed. General Evangelical Protestant Missionary Society, Ber- 
lin, 1902. B. III. 6, 7. 

Fagg, J. G. Forty Years in South China: The Life of Rev. 
John Van Nest Talmage, D.D. A. D. F. Randolph, 1894. 
Doltieloe 

Fairbairn, A. M. Philosophy of the Christian Religion. 
Macmillan, 1902. B. III. 15. 

*Fisher, D. W. Calvin Wilson Mateer, Forty-five Years a 
Missionary in Shantung, China. Westminster Press, Phila- 
delphia, 1911. B. III. 13. 

Fiske, J. Through Nature to God. Houghton, 1899. B. 
TERES3 

“For His Sake”... Extracts from the Letters of Elsie Mar- 
shall, Martyred at Hwa-sang, August 1, 1895. Revell, 1896. 
Benkets: 

Forsyth, P. T. The Person and Place of Jesus Christ. Pil- 
grim Press, 1909. B. IIT. 15. 

Forsyth, R. C. The China Martyrs of 1900. Revell, n. d. 
BOTLEsTs. 

— Shantung, the Sacred Province of China. Christian 
Literature Society for China, Shantung, 1912. B. III. 12. 


41 


118. 


119. 


120. 


121. 


122. 


123. 


124. 


125. 


126. 


127. 
128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 


138. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Fosdick, H. E. The Assurance of Immortality. Macmillan, 
1913 21B. alHeit5. 

Foster, A. Christian Progess in China. Religious Tract So- 
ciety, 1889. B. III. 12, 14. 

Foster, J. American Diplomacy in the Orient. Houghton, 
1903). PBI U5, 8: 

Foster, L. S. Fifty years in China ... Tarleton Perry 
Crawford. Bayless-Fullen Co., Nashville, 1909. B. III. 13. 
Garvie, A. E. Handbook of Christian Apologetics. Duck- 
worth & Co., 1913. B. III. 15. 

Geden, A. S. Studies in Religions of the East. C. H. Kelly, 
London, 1913. B. III. 6, 7. 

*Gibson, J. C. Mission Problems and Mission Methods in 
South China. Revell, 1901. B. III. 14. 

Giles, H. A. Chinese Biographical Dictionary. Quaritch, 
1898. B. III. 9. 

— *A Chinese-English Dictionary (‘‘Preface” and “Philo- 
logical Essay”). Quaritch, 1892. 2d ed. 1912. B. III. 10. 
Cl ; 

— Chinese Poetry in English Verse. Quaritch, 1898. B. 
IT, 44. 

— The Civilization of China. H. Holt, 1911. B. III. 8. 
— Gems of Chinese Literature. Quaritch, 1884. B. III. 11. 
— *History of Chinese Literature. Appleton, 1901. B. III. 
11. 

— Religions of Ancient China. Archibald Constable & Co., 
1903;' Belles 7: 

— Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (Liao Chai trans- 
lated). T. dela Rue & Co., London, 1880. B. III. 7, 11. 
Giles, L. Musings of a Chinese Mystic. Selections from the 
Philosophy of Chuang Tzii. Dutton, 1910. B. III. 7. 

— Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh Tzi. Dutton, 
1912. ».BeTll.6, 4; 

Gilmour, J. Among the Mongols. Religious Tract Society, 
nds Be Til vl3iia. 

Glover, T. R. Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Em- 
pire, 3d ed. Scribner, 1909. B. II. 

Goodrich, C. Pocket Dictionary (Chinese-English). Pres- 
byterian Press, Shanghai. C. I. 1. 

Gouin, F. The Art of Teaching and Studying Languages. 
7th ed. Longmans, 1904. C. I. 1. 


42 


139. 


140. 


141. 


142. 


143. 
144. 


145. 


146. 


- 147, 


148. 


149, 


150. 


idk 


152. 


158: 


154. 


155. 


156. 


157: 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Gowen, H. H. An Outline History of China. 2 vols. Sher- 
man, French & Co., 1913. B. III. 8. 

Grant, G. M. Religions of the World. Revell, n.d. B. III. 
6} 7; 

Gray, A. R., and Sherman, A. M. The Story of the Church 
in China (American Episcopal Church). Domestic and For- 
eign Missionary Society, N. Y., 1913. B. III. 12. 

Gray, J. H. China. 2 vols. Macmillan, 1878. B. III. 2. 
Griffis, W. E. China’s Story. Houghton, 1911. B. III. 8. 
*Groot, J. J. M. de. Religion in China. Putnam, 1912. B. 
TIT:'6, 7: 

— The Religion of the Chinese. Macmillan, 1910. B. III. 
6, 7. 

— *Religious Systems of China. 6 vols. published. E. J. 
Brill, Leyden, 1892-1910. B. III. 6,7. C. II. 5. 

— Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China. 2 vols. 
(See Index under “Christianity in China’). J. Miller, Am- 
sterdam, 1904. B. III. 12. 

Guinness, M. G. The Story of the China Inland Mission. 
2 vols. Morgan & Scott, 1894. B, III. 12. 

Gwatkin, H. M. The Knowledge of God. 2 vols. Scribner, 
1906. B. III. 15. 

Hackmann, H. Buddhism as a Religion. Probsthain & Co., 
1910, Bi IIT,'6;'7: 

Hall, C. C. Christian Belief Interpreted by Christian Ex- 
perience. University of Chicago Press, 1905. B. III. 15. 
— Universal Elements of Christian Religion. Revell, 1905. 
BAILS: 

Hannah, I. C. Eastern Asia, A History. Unwin, 1911. B. 
III. 8. 

Hardy, E. J. John Chinaman at Home. Unwin, 1907. B. 
TIT) 2. 

Harnack, A. Mission and Expansion of Christianity. 2 vols. 
Putnam, 1908. B. II. 

Hart, A. B. The Obvious Orient (Part III). Appleton, 
1911. B. III. 8. 

Hastings, J., editor. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. 
Scribner, 1911. Articles “China,” “Communion with the 
Dead (Chinese),” “Confucian Religion,” “Confucius.” B. 
LEE Orn7e9: 


43 


158. 
159. 
160. 
161. 
162. 
163. 


164. 


165. 


166. 


167. 


168. 


169. 


170. 


17: 


17a 


17.3, 


174. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Hawes, C. E. New Thrills in Old China. Hodder & Stough- 
ton, 1913. °B. IIl.14. 

Headland, I. T. Chinese Heroes... in the Boxer Uprising. 
Eaton & Mains, 1902. B. III. 13. 

— Court Life in China. Revell, 1909. B. III. 9. 

— Home Life in China. Macmillan, 1913. B.-III. 2, 3. 
Hellier, J. E. Life of David Hill. Morgan & Scott, n. d. 
BAITS) 

Henry, B. C. The Cross and the Dragon. A. D. F. Ran- 
dolph, 1885. B. III. 14. 

Hillier, W. The Chinese Language and How to Learn it. 2 
vols. Triibner, 1907. Vol. II contains text and translation 
of the Liao Chai into Pekingese (which has an English trans- 
lation) and a vocabulary. This volume is published by Kelly 
& Walsh, Shanghai. B.III.10. CI. 1, 

Hinckley, F. E. American Consular Jurisdiction in the 
Orient. Lowdermilk, Washington, D. C., 1906. B. III. 5. 
*Hirth, F. The Ancient History of China to the End of the 
Chou Dynasty. Lemcke, 1908. B. III. 8. 

— Notes on the Chinese Documentary Style. (Introduction). 
Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1888. B. III. 10. C. II. 2. 
Historical Sketches of the Presbyterian Missions (Presby- 
terian Church in the U. S. A.). Woman’s Foreign Mission- 
ary Society of the Presbyterian Church, 1897. B. III. 12. 
Hodder, E. Conquests of the Cross. 3 vols. Cassell & Co., 
1890. B. III. 12. 

Holcombe, C. The Real Chinaman. ‘Dodd, 1909. B. III. 
PB NY: 

Hopkins, L. C. Chinese Writing in the Chou Dynasty in the 
Light of Recent Discoveries. Journal Royal Asiastic So- 
ciety, Oct., L91diy By Lelie Colha1 

Horne, C.S. The Story of the L. M.S. London Missionary 
Society, 1908. B. III. 12. 

Hoy, W. E. History of the China Mission of the Reformed 
Church in the United States. Board of Foreign Missions, 
Reformed Church in the United States, Philadelphia, 1914. 
B. III. 12. 

Huc, L’Abbé. Christianity in China, Tartary and Tibet. 3 
vols. (Roman Catholic Missions to the 18th Century.) 
Longmans, 1857-58. B. III. 12. 


A4 


175. 


176. 


177. 


178. 
179. 
180. 


181. 


182. 


183. 


184. 


185. 


186. 


187. 


188. 


189, 


190. 


191. 


192. 


193. 


194. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Hutchinson, W. Customs of the World. (Vol. I, ch. XI.) 
Hutchinson & Co., 1913. B. III. 3. 

Illingworth, J. R. Personality, Human and Divine. Mac- 
millan, 1894. B. III. 15. 

*International Review of Missions. Edinburgh. B. II. C. 
Li? 6; 

The Japan Evangelist. Tokyo. C. II. 10 

The Japan Weekly Mail. Tokyo. C. II. 10 

Jefferys, W. H. James Addison Ingle. Domestic and For- 
eign Missionary Society, 1913. B. III. 13. 

Jenkins, R. C. The Jesuits in China. Nutt, London, 1894. 
By prs. 

Jennings, W. The Shi King, the Old “Poetry Classic” of the 
Chinese. Routledge, 1891. B. III. 11. 

Jernigan, T. R. China in Law and Commerce. Macmillan, 
LOO SMB. PLA 

Jesperson, O. How to Teach a Foreign Language. Mac- 
millan, 1904. C. I. 1. 

Johannsen, A. M. Everlasting Pearl, One of China’s Women. 
China Inland Mission, 1913. B. III. 13. 

Johnston, J. China and Formosa: The Story of the Mis- 
sion of the Presbyterian Church of England. Hazell, Wat- 
son. & Viney, 1897. B. III. 12. 

*Johnston, R. F. Buddhist China. Dutton, 1913. B. III. 7. 
Jones, D. The Pronunciation of English. Putnam, 1909. 
Cals), 

Keltie, Epstein, and others. The Statesman’s Year Book. 
Macmillan. B. III. 1. 

Kemp, E, G. The Face of China. Chatto & Windus, Lon- 
don, 1909, B. III. 1. 

Kent, P. H. The Passing of the Manchus. Longmans, 1912. 
B. III. 8. 

King, F. H, Farmers of Forty Centuries. Mrs. F. H. King, 
Madison, Wis., 1911. B. III. 2. 

King, H. E. The Educational System of China as Recently 
Reconstructed. Washington, Government Printing Office, 
1911. (U.S. Bureau of Education. Bulletin, 1911, No. 15.) 
B. III. 4. 

Knox, G. The Direct and Fundamental Proofs of the Chris- 
tian Religion. Scribner, 1903. B. III. 15. 


45 


195. 


196. 


197. 


198. 


199. 


200. 


201. 


202. 


203. 


204. 


205. 


206. 


207. 


208. 
209. 


210. 


211. 


Due: 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Koo, V. K. W. Status of Aliens in China. Longmans, 1912. 
Ballas: | 

Ku Hung-ming. The Discourses and Sayings of Confucius. 
Kelly & Walsh, Shanghai, 1898. B. III. 9, 11. 

Kuan Hua Chih Nan. A Guide to Mandarin Colloquial. 
Shanghai, 1895.0 G.I. 

Kudo, T. The Ethics of Confucius. Methodist Publishing 
House, Tokyo, 1904. B. III. 6, 7. 

*Kuo, P. W. The Chinese System of Public Education. 
Teachers College, New York, 1915. B, III. 4. 

Lanning, G. Old Forces in New China. Probsthain, 1912. 
Bilis: 

Laufer, B. Jade: A Study in Chinese Archeology and Re- 
ligion. Quaritch, 1912. B. III. 7. 

Le Gall, P. S. Le Philosophe Tchou Hi. T‘usewei Press, 
Shanghai’ By iil Oro Lis, 

Legge, H. E. James Legge, Missionary and Scholar. Re- 
ligious Tract Society, 1905. B. III. 13, 14. 

*Legge, J. The Chinese Classics with a Translation; etc. 
Vol. I, Confucian Analects, B. III. 9, 11, C. II. 2; vol. II, 
Works of Mencius, B. III. 9, 11, C. II. 2; vol. IV, The She- 
king, Bo TIL 11, Corr? 2; vol. V, The Chin Ts’ew, B. III. 
A Wa iy it 4 

— The Chinese Classics—The She King; or, The Book of 
Poetry. Triibner, 1876. B. IIT. 11. 

— *Life and Teachings of Confucius. Triibner, 1909. B. 
ITTS 6): 729 211e 

— *Life and Works of Mencius. Triibner, 1875. B. III. 
G79 atAy 

— Religions of China. Scribner, 1881. B. III. 6, 7. 

— Sacred Books of the East.. Shu King, Hsiao King. Vol. 
III. 1899. 

The ‘Yi King.) Volov Ty f882. 

The Li Ki. Vols. XXVII, XXVIII. 1885. 

The Texts of Taoism. XXXIX, XL. 1891. 

Clarendon Press. B. III. 6, 7,11. C. II. 2. 

Lewis, R. E. Educational Conquest of the Far East. Revell, 
1903. B. III. 4. ; 

*Li Ung-bing. Outline of Chinese History (Edited by J. 
Whiteside). Commercial Press, Shanghai, 1914. B. III. 8. 
*Little, A. The Far East. Clarendon Press, 1905. B. III. 1. 


46 


213. 


214. 


21D. 


216. 


217. 


218. 


219. 


220. 


232. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


— Gleanings from Fifty Years in China. (Part III.) Samp- 
son, Low, Marston & Co., 1910. B. III. 1, 11. 

Lovett, R. History of the London Missionary Society. 1795- 
1895. 2 vols. Henry Frowde, 1899. B. III. 12. 

— James Gilmour of Mongolia. Religious Tract Society, 
1892. B. III. 13, 14. 

Lowrie, W. Memoirs of the Rev. Walter M. Lowrie, Mis- 
sionary to China. Board of Foreign Missions of the Presby- 
terian Church, 1850. B. III. 13. 

McCormick, F. The Flowery Republic. John Murray, 1913. 
BullL8. } 
McFarland, G. A., and Rossheim, I. D. First Year in Book- 
keeping and Accounting. Appleton, 1913. B.IV. 7. 
*MacGillivray, D., editor. A Century of Protestant Missions 
in China (1807-1907). Presbyterian Mission Press, Shang- 
hai, 1907. B. III. 12. For sale at American Tract Society, 
New York. 

— A Mandarin—Romanized Dictionary of Chinese. Presby- 
terian Mission Press, Shanghai. C. I. 1. 

MacGowan, J. Christ or Confucius, Which? (Amoy London 
Mission.) London Missionary Society, 1889. B. III. 12. 
— *The Imperial History of China. 2d ed. Presbyterian 
Mission Press, 1906. B. III. 8. 

— Sidelights on Chinese Life. Tritbner, 1908. B. III. 3. 


Mackenzie, M. Twenty-five Years in Honan. Board of 
Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Toronto, 
Orda iL i214. 

Mackintosh, H. R. The Christian Doctrine of the Person of 
Christ. Scribner, 1912. B. III. 15. 

Mannix, W. F., editor. Memoirs of Li Hung Chang. Hough- 
fon Ol3 a By ILL. 9: 

Marshall, T. W. M. Christian Missions. 2 vols. (A Roman 
Catholic History.) Sadlier & Co., 1880. B. III. 12. 
Marston, A. W. With the King: Pages from the Life of 
Mrs. Cecil Polhill. Marshall Brothers, 1905. B. III. 13. 
Martin, W. A. P. The Awakening of China (Parts II, II). 
Doubleday, Page & Co., 1907. B. III. 8. 

— The Chinese. Revell, 1898. B. III. 11. 

— A Cycle of Cathay. Revell, 1896. B. III. 8. 

— *The Lore of Cathay. Revell, 1901. B. III. 11. 


47 


233. 
234. 
235. 
236. 


20/5 


1238: 


239. 
240. 
241. 


242. 


243. 
244. 
245. 
246. 


247. 
248. 


249. 


250. 
Aol 


202: 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Mateer, A. H. New Terms for New Ideas. Presbyterian 
Press, Shanghai, 1913. C. II. 1. 

Mateer, C. W. A Course of Mandarin Lessons. Presby- 
terian Press, Shanghai, 1900. C. I. 1. 

— A Short Course of Primary Lessons in Mandarin. Pres- 
byterian Press, Shanghai, 1901. C. I. 1. 

Mateer, R. McC. Character Building in China: The Life 
Story of Julia Brown Mateer. Revell, 1912. B. III. 13. 
Matheson, D., and MacGowan, J. Our Mission in China 
(Presbyterian Church of England). Presbyterian Church of 
England, v1882.) BAritaiz. 

Matthews, G. M., and Hough, S. S. The Call of China and 
the Islands. (United Brethren in Christ Missions.) United 
Brethren in Christ, Dayton, O., 1912. B. III. 12. 

*Mayers, W. F. The Chinese Reader’s Manual. Presby- 
terian Press, Shanghai, 1910. B.III,8,9. C. II. 3. 
*Medhurst, C. S. The Tao Teh King. Theosophical Book 
Concern, Chicago, 1905. B. III. 7, 11. 

Medhurst, W. H. China: Its State and Prospects. ‘John 
Snow, 1942. B. III. 12. 

Meyer, F. B. Memorials of Cecil Robertson, F. R. C. S. of 
Sianfu, Medical Missionary. The Carey Press, London, 
PRB Pe Meg PhO Def 

Millard, T. F. F. America and the Far Eastern Question. 
Moffat, Yard & Co., 1909. B. III. 5, 8. 

— The New Far East. Scribner, 1906. B. III. 5, 8. 

Mills, J. S., and others. Our Foreign Missionary Enterprise 
(United Brethren Mission). United Brethren Publishing 
House, Dayton, O., 1908. B. III. 12. 

*Miner, L. China’s Book of Martyrs. Westminster Press, 
HK Pa sa Wi a 

— Two Heroes of Cathay. Revell, 1903. B. III. 13. 
Montgomery, H. H. Service Abroad. Longmans, Green & 
Co., 1910. A. 

Moody, C. The Heathen Heart. Oliphant, Anderson & Fer- 
rier, Edinburgh, 1907. B. III. 2, 14. 

— Saints in Formosa. Revell, 1912. B. III. 2, 14. 
Moore, G. F. History of Religions. (Vol. I, ch. II.) Scrib- 
ner, 19137" BALL 6.47: 

Morgan, E. A Guide to Wenli Styles and Chinese Ideals. 
Christian Literature Society, Shanghai, 1912. C. II. 2.. 


48 


253. 
254. 


253% 
256. 


297, 


258. 


259. 


260. 


261. 


262. 


263. 


264. 


265. 
266. 


267. 


268. 


269. 


270. 


Zit. 
272. 


273% 


274. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


— New Terms and Expressions. Kelly & Walsh, 1913. C. 
TI; , 

Morrison, Mrs. R. Memoirs of the Life and Labors of Rob- 
ert Morrison, D.D. 2 vols. Longmans, 1839. B. III. 13. 
Morse, H. B. Guilds of China. Longmans, 1909. B. III. 3. 
— Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire. Long- 
mans, 1908. B. III. 1. 

*Moule, A. E. The Chinese People. Gorham, 1914. B. IIL, 
See ere Vly, Leer oe cass Vv LLY IX Be ITT? 12. 

Myers, J. B., editor. The Centenary Volume of the Baptist 
Missionary Society (English Baptist Missions). Baptist Mis- 
sionary Society, 1892. B. III. 12. 

*National Review. Shanghai. B. III. 5. 

Neryu, R. P. L. Méthode de l’Apostolat Moderne en Chine. 
Société des Missions-Etrangéres, Hongkong, 1911. B. III. 12. 
Nevius, H. S.C. The Life of John Livingston Nevius. Re- 
VelnolOgosmery. Lil. Lo: 

Nevius, J. L. China and the Chinese. Presbyterian Board of 
Publication, 1882. B. III. 

— Methods of Mission Work. Foreign Missions Library, 
New York, 1895. B. III. 14. 

Norris, F. C. Handbooks of English Church Expansion— 
China. Mowbray, 1908. B. III. 12. 

Old, W. G. The Shu King. John Lane, 1904. B, III. 11. 
Orr, J. The Christian View of God and the World. 6th 
ed. A. Elliot, Edinburgh, 1902. B. III. 15. 

Osgood, E. I. Breaking Down Chinese Walls, from a Doc- 
tor’s Viewpoint. Revell, 1908. B. III. 14. 

Owen, G. The Evolution of Chinese Writing. Horace Hart, 
Oxford,.m d) pBeyIIl, 10... 1.) 1, 

Pakenham—Walsh, W. S. Some Typical Christians of South 
China. Marshall Brothers, 1905. B. III. 13. 

Parker, E. H. Ancient China Simplified. Dutton, 1908. B. 
IT. & 

— *China and Religion. Dutton, 1905. B. III. 6, 7. 
Peabody, F. G. The Approach to the Social Question. Mac- 
millan, 1909. C. IT. 11. 

Peake, A. S. The Bible, Its Origin, Significance and Abiding 
Truth. Doran, 1913. B. III. 15. 

Peill, J. The Beloved Physician of Tsang chou: Life-work 


49 


275. 


276. 


PH Bf 


278. 


279, 


280. 


281. 


282. 


283. 


284. 


285. 


286. 


287. 


288. 


289. 


290. 


291: 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


and Letters of Dr. Arthur D. Peill, F. R. C. S. E. Headly 
Brothers, n. d. B. III. 13. 

Philip, R. The Life and Opinions of Rev. William Milne, 
D.D. Herman Hooker, Philadelphia, 1840. B. III. 13. 
Porter, H. D. William Scott Ament. Revell, 1911. B. 
III. 13. 

Pott, F.L.H. The Emergency in China. Missionary Educa- 
tion Movement, 1913. B. III. 8, 12, 14. 

— *The History of China, rev. ed. Kelly & Walsh, Shang- 
hai,-1912., ¢ Belg. 

Prandi, F., translator. Memoirs of Father Ripa (Roman 
Catholic). John Murray, 1844. B. III. 13. . 
Present Day Tracts on the Non-Christian Religions of the 
World. Religious Tract Society, 1887. B. III. 6, 7. 

The Provinces of China. National Review, Shanghai, 1910. 
BULL 

Quirmbach, A. P. From Opium Fiend to Preacher: The 
Story of Cheng Ting Chiah. Musson Book Co., Toronto, 
1907.3, Bariiei se 
Ratzel, F. History of Mankind. 3 vols. Macmillan, 1896- 
OS Ss Le. 

Rauschenbush, W. Christianity and the Social Crisis. Mac- 
millan,) 19TZ i ot 1: 

— Christianizing the Social Order. Macmillan, 1912. C. II. 
11. 

*Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Mis- 
sionaries of China, 1877. Presbyterian Mission Press, Shang- 
hai, 1878. B. III. 12, 14. 

— *1890. Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai, 1890. B. 
III. 12, 14. 

Reeve, B. Timothy Richard, D.D.: China Missionary, 
Statesman and Reformer. S. W. Partridge & Co., n.d. B. 
Tit ei! . 

Reid, J. M., and Gracey, J. T. Missions and Missionary So- 
ciety of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 3 vols. (Part V.) 
Hunt & Eaton, 1895-96. B. III. 12. 

Reinsch, P. S. Intellectual and Political Currents in the Far 
East. Houghton, 1911. B. III. 4, 8. 

Report of a Conference on the Preparation of Ordained Mis- 
sionaries, Dec., 1914. Board of Missionary Preparation, New 
York, 1915. B. II. 


50 


292 


301. 


302. 


303. 


304. 


305. 


306. 


307. 


308. 


309. 


310. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


*Report on Missionary Education in China, American-Cana- 
dian Commission. Published by Commission on Christian 
Education in China, 156 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. B. III. 4. 
*Richard, L. Comprehensive Geography of the Chinese Em- 
pire. (Consult Index under “Missionaries, Roman Catholic, 
Protestant.” T‘usewei Press, Shanghai, 1908. B. III. 1, 12. 
Richard, T. The Awakening of Faith. Christian Literature 
Society, Shanghai, 1907. B. III. 7. 

— Conversion by the Million in China. 2 vols. (Chapter 
V. Author’s Autobiography.) Christian Literature Society, 
Shanghai, 1907. B. III. 13. 

— Guide to Buddhahood . . . Christian Literature Society, 
Shanghai, 1907. B. III. 7. 

Richard, T., and. MacGillivray, D. Dictionary of Philoso- 
phical Terms. Christian Literature Society, Shanghai. C. 
IT,.3% 

Richthofen, F. P. W., Freiherr von. Atlas. D. Reimer, 
Berlin, 1885-1912. B. III. 1. 

— *Baron Richthofen’s Letters, 1870-1872. 2d Ed. North 
China Herald Office, Shanghai, 1903. B. III. 1. 

Rippman, W. Elements of Phonetics. Dutton, 1912. C.I.1. 
Robertson-Scott, J. W. The People of China. Methuen, 
1900) Bdts2: 

Romanes, G. J. Thoughts on Religion. Open Court Pub- 
lishing Co., Chicago, 1898. B. III. 15. 

*Ross, E. A. The Changing Chinese. Century Co., 1911. 
B. III. 2, 3, 4. 

*Ross, J. Mission Methods in Manchuria. Revell, n. d. 
B. III. 14. 

— Old Wang, the First Chinese Evangelist in Manchuria. 
Religious Tract Society, 1889. B. HI. 13. (Chapter IX.) 
B. III. 14. 

— *Original Religion of China. Methodist Book Concern, 
1909. B. III. 7. 

Sanday, W. Inspiration. Longmans, 1900. B. III. 15. 
Schofield, A. T. Memorials of R. Harold A. Schofield, M.A., 
M.B. Hodder, 1898. B. III. 13. 

Seabury, J. B. The Vision of a Short Life (Warren Bartlett 
Seabury). Riverside Press, Cambridge, 1909. B. III. 13. 
Simpson, P.C. The Fact of Christ. Revell, 1906. B. III. 15. 


51 


311. 
312, 


313: 
314. 
315. 


316. 


317. 
318. 


319. 
320. 
S215 


O22, 
323. 


324, 
325, 
326, 
327, 
328, 


329. 


330. 


331, 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Sites, S. M. Nathan Sites: An Epic of the East. Revell, 
1912,;;Bi dH 13. 

Smith, A. H. China and America To-day. Revell, 1907. 
Billy:5,8. 

— *China in Convulsion. 2 vols. Revell, 1901. B.III. 8, 12. 
— *Chinese Characteristics. Revell, 1894. B. III. 2. 

— Proverbs and Common Sayings from the Chinese. Presby- 
terian Press, Shanghai, 1902. B. III. 2. 

— The Uplift of China. Young Peoples’ Missionary Move- 
ment. B. III. 12, 14. 

— *Village Life in China. Revell, 1899. B. III. 3. 

Soames, L. Introduction to Phonetics. Macmillan, 1908. 
Gad bib: 

*Soothill, W. E. The Analects of Confucius. Revell, 1910. 
B. TIT: 9, a1. 

— Students’ Four Thousand Tzii and General Pocket Diction- 
ary. Presbyterian Press, Shanghai, 1911. C. I. 1. 

— *The Three Religions of China. Hodder and Stoughton, 
1913. B. III. 6, 7. ’ 

— *A Typical Mission in China. Revell, 1906. B. III. 14. 
Speer, R. E. A’ Memorial of Horace Tracy Pitkin. Revell, 
1903s B. sDI bids: 

— Missions and Modern History. 2 vols. (Vol. 1, Ch. L., 
Taiping Rebellion.) Revell, 1904. B. III. 8. 
Speicher, J.. The Conquest of the Cross in China. Revell, 
1907. B. III. 14. 

*Stanford, E. Atlas of the Chinese Empire. China Inland 
Mission, 1912. B. III. 1; 12. C. Il. 4. 

Stanton, W. The Chinese Drama. Kelly & Walsh, Shang- 
hai, 1899: B. III. 11. 

Stevens, G. B. The Psychology of the Christian Soul. 
Hodder & Stoughton, 1911. B. III. 15. 

Stevens, G. B., and Markwick, W. F. The Life, Letters and 
Journals of the Rev. and Hon. Peter Parker, M.D. Con- 
gregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, 1896. B. 
III. 13. 

Stock, E. History of the Church Missionary Society. 3 vols. 
Church Missionary Society, 1899. B. III. 12. 

Strong, W. E. The Story of the American Board. Pilgrim 
Press, 1910. «:B. III. 12. 


52 


332. 


333. 


334. 


335. 


336. 


337. 


338. 


339, 


340. 


341. 


342. 


343. 


344. 


345. 


346. 


347. 


348. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Students and the Present Missionary Crisis, (pp. 457-467). 
Student Volunteer Movement, 1910. B. II. 

Sweet, H. Primer of Phonetics. 3d. ed. Oxford, 1907. C. 
Tori, 

Swenki, B. F. A Brief History of Early Chinese Philosophy. 
Probsthain, London, 1914. C. II. 3. 

Taylor, F. H. These Forty Years: A Short History. of the 
China Inland Mission. China Inland Mission, 1903. B. 
ITT. 12. 

*Taylor, Dr. and Mrs. F. H. Hudson Taylor in Early Years: 
The Growth of a Soul. Hodder, 1912. B. III. 13. 
*Taylor, Mrs. F. H. Pastor Hsi, Confucian Scholar and 
Christian (including in one volume, “One of China’s Schol- 
ars’ and “Pastor Hsi... One of China’s Christians.”) 
Morgan & Scott, 1909. B. III. 13. 

Thompson, R. W. Griffith John (to 1908; see Bitton, N.). 
Religious Tract Society, 1908. B. III. 13. 

Thwing, C. E. Education in the Far tas Houghton, 1909. 
B. III. 4. 

*Townsend, W. J. Robert Morrison, the Pioneer of Chinese 
Missions. Revell, n.d. B. III. 13. 

Tsu, Y. Y. The Spirit of Chinese Philanthropy. Longmans, 
1912." 8B. IIT 3: 

Turner, F. P., Editor. Report of the Third Annual Meeting 
of the Board of Missionary Preparation (for North America) 
(pp. 10-49). Board of Missionary Preparation, New York, 
1914. B. II. 

Tyler, J. M. The Place of the Church in Evolution. Hough- 
ton, 1914. B. III. 15. 

Underwood, H. G. Religions of Eastern Asia. Macmillan, 
1910...) B. III.'7. 

Wade, T. F. Yii-yen Tzi-érh Chi. Inspectorate General of 
Customs, Shanghai, 1886. C. I. 1. 

Waley, A. S.. The Remaking of ‘China. Dutton, 1915. E. 
III. 5, 9. 

Walshe, W. G. Confucius and Confucianism. Kelly & 
Walsh, Shanghai, 1911. B. III. 6, 7. 

Warneck, G. Outline of a History of Protestant Missions. 
Revell, 1903. (The 1913 revised and enlarged edition is pub- 
lished only in German by M. Warneck, Berlin, under title 
Geshichte der protestantischen Missionen.) B, III. 12. 


53 


349. 


350. 


351. 


352. 
353. 
354. 


355. 


356. 
357. 


358. 


359. 


360. 


361. 


362. 


363. 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


Waterhouse, E. S. Modern Theories of Religion. Metho- 
dist Book Concern, 1911. B. IIT. 15. 

Watson, M. E. Robert and Louisa Stewart. Marshall 
Brothers, 1895. B. III. 13. 

Watters, T. Essays on the Chinese Language. Presbyterian 
Mission Press, Shanghai, 1889. B. III. 10. 

*Werner, E. T. C. Descriptive Sociology of the Chinese. 
Williams & Norgate. B. III. 3. 

White, H. W. Jesus the Missionary. Presbyterian Mission 
Press, Shanghai, 1914, A. 5. 

Williams, F. W. Anson Burlingame and the First Chinese 
Mission to Foreign Powers. Scribner, 1912. B. III. 8. 

— The Life and Letters of Samuel Wells Williams, LL.D., 
Missionary, Diplomatist, Sinologue. Putnam, 1889. B. III. 
13. 

Williams, S. W. History of China. Scribner, 1897. B. IIL., 8. 
— *The Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. Scribner, 1883. Vol. I, 
BLT 1 2yS 4 On vol Bork S13: 

— *A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language (Preface 
and Introduction). North China Union College, Tungchou, 
near Peking, 1909. B. III. 10, C. 

Williamson, G. R. Memoir of the Rev. David Abeel, D.D. 
Carter, 1848. B. III. 13. 

Wolferstan, B. The Catholic Church in China from 1860 to 
1907. (A Jesuit history hardly fair to Protestants.) Herder, 
1909. B. III. 12. 

Woodhead, H. G. W., and Bell, H: T. The China Year 
Book. Dutton, 1914. B. III. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9. 

*World Missionary Conference, 1910. 9 vols. Revell, 1910. 
Vol. II, Report of Commission II, The Church in the Mis- 
sion Field, B. IIT. 14; vol. III, Report of Commission III, 
Education in Relation to the Christianization of National Life 
(chap. III.), B. III. 14; vol. IV, Report of Commission IV, 
The Missionary Message in Relation to Non-Christian Reli- 
gions (chap. III), B. III, 7; vol. V, Report of Commission 
V, The Preparation of Missionaries (chaps. V, VI, VII, 
IX), B. II; vol. VIII, Report of Commission VIII, Co- 
operation and the Promotion of Unity, B. III. 14. 

Wright, H. B. A Life with a Purpose: A Memorial of John 
Lawrence Thurston. Revell, 1908. B. III. 13. 


54 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


364. *Wylie, A. Notes on Chinese Literature. Presbyterian 
Press, Shanghai, 1902. C. II. 3. 

365. Yen, H. L. Survey of Constitutional Development in China. 
Longmans, 1911. B. III. 5. 

366. Yen Sun Ho. Chinese Education from the Western View- 
point. Rand, 1913. B. III. 4. 

367. Yung Wing. My Life in China and America. Holt, N. Y., 
1909. B. III. 9. 


II. SELECTED READINGS FOR SPECIFIC SuBjects. For the 


convenience of students who are at a loss as to what liter- 
ature is most useful for a given subject, a selection from the 
far larger number of readings suggested in the full Bibliog- 
raphy is printed below. Even this list is too full for most 
purposes, and to remedy this defect certain of the most im- 
portant books are marked with the superior numeral * which 
is placed before the list numbers. These numbers are used 
to avoid the repetitions of titles and are to be found before 
the several title entries in the Bibliography. Those who de- 
sire to read more widely than the references here given 
would enable them to do will find other material by glancing 
through the entire Bibliography for the titles having after 
them the capitals and numerals of the section which they are 
studying. 

A. Qualifications for Missionaries to China. For literature on 
general qualifications see Nos. 44, 161, 248, chs. I, III, VII. 

A. 5. Spiritual Qualifications. See No. 353. 


B. I. Studies in Undergraduate Institutions. See general sugges- 
tions in No. 342. 

B. II. Studies for Theological Seminary Students. See Nos. 136, 
1155, 1177, 1291, 332, pp. 457-467, 1342, 1362, vol. V. 

B. Ill. Studies Having Special Reference to China and Its Mis- 
sions. Generally useful for most topics under B. III. are Nos. 262, 
ORY és 

B. III. 1. Physical Studies of China. See Nos. 38, 106, article 
“China,” 183, 190, 1212, 1256, 281, 1293, 299, 1326, 1357, 361. 

B. III. 2. Studies of the People. See Nos. 111, 12, 1142, 154, 1161, 
1170, 249, 283, 301, 1303, 1314, 315, 357. 


55 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


B. III. 3. Social Environment. See Nos. 11, 12, “Societies,” 74, 
196, 199, 223;°255; 257; *303; 43.17.3352) O57: 

B. III. 4. Educational Status. See Nos. 156, 171, 1105, 193, 1199, 
210, 7292, 303,°339,°357, 3366, 


B. III. 5. Political Conditions. See Nos. 7, 36, 38, 70, 1120, 165, 
11953250 3125346; Sol 00 


B. III. 6. Ethical Beliefs and Life. See Nos. 10, 170, 98, +108, 
109, 145, 157, articles “China,” “Communion with the Dead (Chi- 
nese),” “Confucian Religion,” “Confucius,” 198, 1204, vols. I and II 
Prolegomena, especially, 206, 207, 208, 271, 280, 321, 347. 


B. Ill. 7. Religious Beliefs and Life. See Nos. 12, article “Secret 
Societies, ” 122, 23, 142, 72, pp. 1-46, 98, 1107, 4108, 109, 123, 144, 146, 
150, 157, articles “Communion with the Dead (Chinese),” “Confucian 
Religion,” “China,” 1187, 208, 209, “Texts of Taoism,” 240, 271, see 
index under “Ancestral Worship,” 1286, pp. 367-387, 1287, pp. 631-654. 


B. III. 8. History of China. See Nos. 29, 133, 43, 100, 106, 
article “China (History), 128,° 139, 153, 4166, 200, °1211,.*222, 229, 
1270; 27779278) 31297313 SON S573 


B. III. 9. Formative Leaders. See Nos. 14, 131, 64, 106, articles 
“Confucius,” “Kublai Khan,” “Mencius,” 1125, 196, 1204, vols. I, II, 
Prolegomena, 206, 207, 1226, 239, 319, 346. 

B. Ill. 10. The Chinese Language. See Nos. 12, articles “Lan- 
guage,” “Dialects,” 167, 68, 72, pp. 46-58, 1106, article “China (The 
Chinese Language),” 1126, 167, 268, 1351, 1358. 

B. III. 11. Chinese Literature. See Nos. 12, articles “Literature,” 
“Poetry,” 62, 1106, article “China (Literature),” 127, 1130, 1182, 206, 
207; #209, 232,57 260s D7 4 

B. III. 12. History of Chinese Missions. See Nos. 28, 138, 139, 
66,2715 73,79, 80, 1747219 2278 ZAI 257 4 277 enor] Soko; 
348, 357, 360. 

B. III. 13. Biographies. See Nos. 118, 126, 47, 77, 1112, 159, 203 
1215, 236, 7246, 3254,7261 4276. 288,000) LIA oro tad0, Boos gn atu: 
im hehe 

B. III. 14. Missionary Methods. See Nos. 119, 52, ‘71, 73, 175, 
77383, °.925152424, 1135; 2177,,,:203 4 263;\,207, 2775 2286, '°1287, 304, 
1322, (325,307, ‘Vols. ly TIERVITE 

B. III. 15. Apologetics. See Nos. 49, 59, 78, 111, 113, 115, 118, 
122, 149, 176, 225, 273, 307, 349. 


56 


PREPARATION FOR CHINA 


C.I.1. Language Study. See Nos. 13, 16, 17, 50, 126, 137, 138, 
164, 184, 197, 220, 234, 235, 268, 300, 320, 345, 358. 

C. II. 1. The New Chinese Language. See Nos. 233, 253. 

C. II. 2. The Classics. See 86, 167, 1204, 252. 

C. III. 3. Literary Avocations. See Nos. 86, 202, 239, 297, 334, 


364. 
C. II. 4. Field Studies. See Nos. 79, 80, 83, 326. 


C. II. 5. Local Studies in Religion. See No. 146. 

C. II.6. Science of Missions. See 75, 83, 1177. 

C. II. 10. Japan’s Evolution. See Nos. 91, 178, 179. 
D. Missionaries on Furlough. See No. 342, pp. 60-181. 


57 


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PUBLICATIONS OF THE 
BOARD OF MISSIONARY PREPARATION 


The Second Annual Report (1912) 


Containing the reports on “Fundamental Qualifications for Missionary 
Work” and on the “Facilities for Training Missionary Candidates.” 


Paper, price 25 cents, postpaid. 


The Third Annual Report (1913) 


Rich in suggestions concerning the special training which evangelistic, 
educational, medical, and women missionaries should seek. It also contains 
a report on the use of the missionary furlough and a list of the institutions 
which offer special courses for candidates along these lines and suggests 
valuable courses of reading. 


Paper, price 25 cents, postpaid. 


The Fourth Annual Report (1914) . 


Containing reports on preparation for different fields, such as China, 
India, Japan, Latin America, the Near East and Pagan Africa. It also in- 
cludes full reports of the two important Conferences on Preparation of 
Ordained Missionaries and Administrative Problems. 


Paper, price 50 cents, postpaid. 


The Fifth Annual Report (1915) 


Containing reports of two important Conferences on Preparation of 
Women for Foreign Service and Preparation of Medical Missionaries, be- 
sides other reports. 


Paper, price 25 cents, postpaid. 


CONFERENCE REPORTS. 


Report of the Conference on the Preparation of Ordained Missionaries, held 
December, 1914, in New York. Paper covered, price 10 cents. 


Report of the Conference on the Preparation of Women for Foreign Service, 
held December, 1915, in New York. Paper covered, price 10 cents. 


Report of the Conference on the Preparation of Medical Missionaries, held 
April, 1916, in New York. Paper covered, price 10 cents. 


REPRINTS OF SPECIAL REPORTS. 


How Shall the Missionary Spend His Furlough? Price 5 cents. 

The Preparation of Ordained Missionaries. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Educational Missionaries. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Medical Missionaries. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Women for Foreign Service. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to China. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to India. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to Japan. Price 10 cents. 

The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to Latin America. Price 10 cents. 
The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to the Near East. Price 10 cents. 
The Preparation of Missionaries Appointed to Pagan Africa. Price 10 cents. 


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